二战期间英美在阿根廷中立问题上的外交分歧  

The Diplomatic Disagreements Between Britain and the United States on the Neutrality Issues of Argentina During World WarⅡ

作　　者：冯利 Feng Li

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院拉丁美洲研究中心

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2021年第5期121-136,157,158,共18页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：中央专项资金基本科研业务费项目“阿根廷民粹主义的历史考察”(编号:63212043);国家社科基金项目“20世纪30年代的阿根廷社会转型研究”(编号:20BSS036)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：二战期间,阿根廷的中立立场以及对"泛美主义"的抵制与美国构建美洲安全防御体系的目标相背离,促使美国诉诸经济制裁、武器禁运、拒绝外交承认等强硬措施对阿根廷进行制裁。为提升制裁效果,美国寻求英国的合作,要求英国在阿根廷问题上与之步调一致,甚至建议英国将英阿肉类贸易合同作为筹码,威胁阿根廷尽快改弦易辙。然而,由于英国在阿根廷存在巨大经济利益,致使它对阿根廷中立立场的解读以及在肉类贸易合同谈判、对阿外交措施等方面的主张和看法,与美国均产生了不同程度的分歧。这些分歧主要源于在对阿政策上,英美两国的立场和出发点迥异,利益存在冲突。面对美国的强势主张,英国在整个外交行动中的表现都极为谨慎,它试图在保护自身利益与维护英美特殊关系之间做出调和,然而结果并不成功。在阿根廷中立的相关问题上,英国沦为了美国政策的追随者,英国利益也终究变成美国借以实现外交目标的工具。During World WarⅡ,Argentina’s neutral position towards“Pan-Americanism”deviated from the United States’goal of building a security defense system in the Americas,which prompted the United States to resort to tough measures such as economic sanctions,arms embargoes and refusal of diplomatic recognition so as to sanction Argentina.In order to enhance the effectiveness of sanctions,the United States sought cooperation from Britain,requiring the latter to keep pace with it on the issue of Argentina,and even suggested it to use the meat trade contract as a bargaining chip.However,due to its huge interests in Argentina,Britain had different views with the United States on Argentine neutrality,meat trade negotiations,diplomatic measures and other related aspects.These differences mainly resulted from the different positions between Britain and the United States in their policies towards Argentina,as well as the conflicts between their fundamental interests.Facing the strong attitude of the United States,Britain had been extremely cautious throughout its diplomatic actions,trying to reconcile its own interests with Anglo-American relations,but it failed.On the issues related to Argentine neutrality,Britain eventually became a follower of American policy,and its interests were forced to become a tool for the United States to achieve its diplomatic goals.

关 键 词：英美合作 阿根廷中立 二战 泛美主义 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]