“中国制造”劳动力成本的评估——基于劳动力要素成本竞争力指标的分析  

Evaluation of "Made in China" labor costs——Analysis based on labor factor cost competitiveness index

作　　者：张弓 

机构地区：[1]国家发展改革委价格成本调查中心

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2021年第9期92-97,共6页Price:Theory & Practice

摘　　要：中国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,经济发展模式和劳动力供给情况发生变化,外部环境日趋复杂,使得劳动力要素成本上升较快带来的矛盾凸显。客观评估中国制造业劳动力要素成本情况,对完善劳动力市场化配置、推动经济高质量发展、提升中国综合成本竞争力有着重要意义。本文利用2010-2018年制造业劳动力要素相关数据,开展了中国与世界主要经济体的制造业劳动力成本、劳动生产率、单位劳动成本的比较研究,评估中国制造业劳动力要素成本竞争力情况,得出中国劳动力成本仍处于较低水平、劳动力生产率与发达国家有所差距、劳动力成本效率具备优势的结论,并据此提出相关政策建议,为推动制造业"降成本"工作、提升劳动效率、完善劳动力市场化配置提供参考。China’s economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. The economic development model and labor supply have changed, and the external environment has become increasingly complex. The contradictions brought about by the rapid rise in labor factor costs have become prominent. Objectively assessing the cost of labor factors in China’s manufacturing industry is of great significance for improving labor market allocation, promoting high-quality economic development, and enhancing China’s comprehensive cost competitiveness. Using the relevant data of manufacturing labor factors from 2010 to 2018, this paper conducts a comparative study on manufacturing labor costs, labor productivity, and unit labor costs between China and the world’s major economies, and evaluates the cost competitiveness of China’s manufacturing labor factors. China’s labor cost is still at a low level, labor productivity is far behind developed countries, and labor cost efficiency has advantages, and relevant policy recommendations are put forward based on this, in order to promote the "cost reduction" work of the manufacturing industry, improve labor efficiency, and improve labor force. Market-oriented configuration provides reference.

关 键 词：制造业 劳动力成本 劳动生产率 单位劳动成本 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F424[经济管理—国民经济]