论西周时期楚国的政治中心——从宜昌万福垴遗址谈起  

Political Center of the Chu State during the Western Zhou Period:A Discussion Centered on the Wanfunao Site in Yichang

作　　者：张昌平[1] ZHANG Changping(Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《江汉考古》2021年第6期172-183,共12页Jianghan Archaeology

摘　　要：2012年宜昌万福垴遗址出土一件鸟纹大圆鼎和12件云纹甬钟,其中一件甬钟上有"楚季"铭文,这是当代在江汉地区首次发现性质明确为西周时期的楚国青铜器,同时也确定了万福垴遗址楚文化遗存的性质。万福垴青铜器和过去所见其他西周时期楚国国君青铜器,都具有西周长江流域青铜器的区域文化特征,由此暗示西周时期楚国政治中心应该在江汉地区的南部。从汉水中上游到沮漳河一带西周春秋青铜器和陶器的特征与发展考察可知,楚国不晚于西周中期到达长江沿线的沮漳河一带,并以此作为活动中心。春秋早期楚国重心转移到汉水中上游一带,并延续到春秋晚期。In 2012, archaeologists unearthed a big, round ding-tripod with bird pattern and 12 yongzhong-bells with cloud pattern at the Wanfunao site in Yichang. One of the yongzhong-bells was inscribed with characters of chu ji, representing the first discovery of Chu bronzes of the Western Zhou period in the Jianghan region. The discovery also confirmed that archaeological materials unearthed at the Wanfunao site were remains of the Chu culture. The bronzes unearthed at Wanfunao and those belonging to the kings of the Chu state of the Western Zhou period shared cultural characteristics most widely noticed for the Yangtze River valley during the Western Zhou, an indication that the political center of the Chu state during at the time was very likely located in southern part of the Jianghan region.We examined bronzes and pottery of the Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn periods, which were unearthed from the middle and upper reaches of Han River valley to the Juzhang River valley, and proposed that no later than the middle Western Zhou period, the Chu state had reached the Juzhang River valley. By the early Autumn and Spring period, the center of the Chu state shifted to the middle and upper reaches of Han River valley and it continued through the late Spring and Autumn period there.

关 键 词：万福垴遗址 西周时期 政治中心 早期楚文化 

分 类 号：K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]