关于金属文物腐蚀成因及其保护修复技术的理论探索  

Theoretic Thinking on the Corrosion Mechanism and Conservation Treatments of Metal Artifacts

作　　者：梁宏刚[1] LIANG Honggang(Beijing 100101)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《江汉考古》2021年第6期240-245,267,共7页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题《馆藏脆弱铁质文物新型稳定性处理技术和材料研发》(编号2020YFC1522104);中国社会科学院创新项目《出土金属文物腐蚀病害成因及其保护修复技术研究》(编号2017KGSJ049)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国出土金属文物表面腐蚀层常常会出现疏松、酥解、发泡、裂隙、崩裂、起壳、龟裂及层状剥落等腐蚀病害现象,这些出土金属文物表面腐蚀层的形成原因或机理,国内外从事文物保护修复以及相关领域的科研人员,已经做了大量的研究工作,但是对于出土金属文物基体高度矿化的腐蚀成因、出土后金属文物腐蚀层的劣变原因及其保护修复方法的研究,在科研思路和研究结论方面仍处于探索阶段,尚未形成广泛的统一认知。本文在对金属文物腐蚀病害的研究现状、出土金属文物的腐蚀病害成因及修复技术研究进展梳理的基础上,对目前金属文物保护修复中可能存在的学科建设认识、学科背景知识的局限等一些误区进行了剖析,对出土(出水)金属文物的脱盐除氯、带锈保护问题进行了探讨,进而对传统与现代保护修复技术的融合问题进行了初步阐释。The corroded surfaces of ancient Chinese metal artifacts are characterized by different signs of deteriorations, including(but not limited to) loose texture and structure, cracks, and holes.Worldwide, researchers have made great efforts to reveal the formation and corrosion mechanism of corrosion or patina on metal artifacts’ surfaces. However, many differ in their opinions on research design and conclusions especially when dealing with metal artifacts that are highly mineralized. The deterioration and conservation treatment of corroded metal artifacts have also remained an open question.The present paper reviews the current status of research(including corrosion mechanism and conservation treatment) on corroded metal artifacts;cautions some pitfalls in conservation treatment of metal artifacts;discusses issues related to demineralization, dechlorination, and/or depatination of metal artifacts. It concludes with a tentative discussion of the integration of traditional techniques and modern conservation treatments.

关 键 词：出土金属文物 腐蚀病害 氢还原法 脱盐除氯 保护修复 传统技术 

分 类 号：K854.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]