小儿急性腹泻的常见病原微生物感染情况研究  

Study on the infection of common pathogenic microorganisms in children with acute diarrhea

作　　者：王明琼 王婷[2] 王涛 WANG Mingqiong;WANG Ting;WANG Tao(Clinical Laboratory Department,the First Hospital of Hanbin District,Ankang 725000;Nuclear Medicine Department,Ankang Central Hospital,Ankang 725000,China)

机构地区：[1]安康市汉滨区第一医院检验科,陕西安康725000 [2]安康市中心医院核医学科,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2022年第10期18-21,共4页Clinical Research and Practice

摘　　要：目的 对220例小儿急性腹泻患儿的粪便标本进行细菌培养和病毒鉴定,明确主要病原微生物,为后续治疗提供支持。方法 选取安康市汉滨区第一医院、安康市中心医院2020年1月至2021年1月收治的220例小儿急性腹泻患儿为研究对象,使用无菌容器留取4份患儿粪便标本,分别进行细菌培养、病毒鉴定及真菌与寄生虫鉴定和备用。统计急性腹泻患儿的病原微生物检出情况;分析不同病原微生物患儿在不同月份的分布情况;比较不同性别及年龄段患儿的病原微生物检出情况。结果 220例急性腹泻患儿中,检出病原微生物的共有132例,其中检出致病菌17例,腹泻病毒112例,真菌、寄生虫3例。细菌性腹泻发生在6~8月份的占比最高(64.7%);病毒性腹泻发生在12、1、2月份的占比最高(70.5%),发生在6~8月份的次之(19.6%),说明细菌性腹泻在夏季的发病率较高,病毒性腹泻在夏季、冬季的发病率均较高。不同性别患儿的病原微生物检出结果无显著差异(P>0.05)。1~3岁患儿的病原微生物检出率高于<1、4~5岁患儿,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 腹泻病毒是引起小儿急性腹泻的主要原因,其次是细菌感染。小儿急性腹泻基本不受小儿性别的影响,但受季节影响较大,细菌性腹泻在夏季的发病率较高,病毒性腹泻在夏季、冬季的发病率均较高,且1~3岁年龄段儿童更容易由病原微生物引起急性腹泻。Objective To identify the main pathogenic microorganisms by bacterial culture and virus identification in the fecal samples of 220 children with acute diarrhea, so as to provide support for the follow-up treatment. Methods A total of 220 cases of children with acute diarrhea admitted in the first hospital of Hanbin district and Ankang central hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects. Four fecal samples were collected in sterile containers for bacterial culture, virus identification, fungus, parasite identification and standby. The detection of pathogenic microorganisms of children with acute diarrhea were counted;the distribution of different pathogenic microorganisms in children in different months was analyzed;the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in children of different genders and ages were compared. Results Among 220 children with acute diarrhea, 132 cases of pathogenic microorganisms were detected, including 17 cases of pathogenic bacteria, 112 cases of diarrhea virus and 3 cases of fungi and parasites. The proportion of bacterial diarrhea from June to August was the highest(64.7%);proportion of viral diarrhea in December, January and February was the highest(70.5%), followed by from June to August(19.6%). It showed that the incidence of bacterial diarrhea in summer was higher, and the incidence of viral diarrhea in summer and winter was higher. There was no significant difference in the detection results of pathogenic microorganisms in different genders(P>0.05);the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms in children aged 1-3 years old was higher than that in children aged <1 and 4-5 years old, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Diarrhea virus is the main cause of acute diarrhea in children, followed by bacterial infection. Acute diarrhea in children is basically not affected by children’s gender, but is greatly affected by seasons;the incidence of bacterial diarrhea is higher in summer, the incidence of viral diarrhea is

关 键 词：小儿急性腹泻 病原微生物 细菌培养 

分 类 号：R725.7[医药卫生—儿科]