2019年北京市通州区成人烟草流行现状调查  

A survey of tobacco epidemic among adult residents in Tongzhou district of Beijing,2019

作　　者：吴青 杨纲[1] 曲欣[1] 袁雪薇 崔静 WU Qing;YANG Gang;QU Xin;YUAN Xue-wei;CUI Jing(Tongzhou District Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心,101100

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2021年第6期367-371,共5页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的 了解北京市通州区成人烟草流行现状和变化趋势,为制定有效的地区控烟政策提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样法,全区抽取15岁及以上的常住人口1 150人,采用入户问卷调查形式,调查内容包括居民烟草使用情况、二手烟暴露情况、烟草危害相关知识知晓情况等。使用SPSS 22.0软件,数据分析主要使用χ^(2)检验方法。结果 2019年通州区成人居民吸烟率为22.26%,男性(46.42%)高于女性(2.33%),χ^(2)=306.746,P<0.001;每日吸烟率为20.20%,男性(42.46%)高于女性(1.83%),χ^(2)=279.501,P<0.001。通州区成人居民戒烟率为33.87%,男性(31.78%)低于女性(56.25%),χ^(2)=7.826,P=0.005;戒烟率随着年龄的增长而增长(χ^(2)趋势=105.60,P<0.001)。13.01%的现在吸烟者有戒烟意愿;过去12个月有40.73%的吸烟者就诊,其中79.21%的人得到了医生不吸烟的建议。通州区成人居民二手烟暴露率为70.58%,男性(74.31%)高于女性(67.46%),χ^(2)=6.090,P=0.014;不同场所二手烟暴露率:酒吧/夜总会最高(75.00%)、其次为室内工作场所(60.13%)、餐馆(46.10%),公共交通工具最低(1.38%)。通州区成人居民对吸烟引起中风、心肌梗死、肺癌、阳痿四种疾病的全部知晓率为43.90%,对二手烟引起成人心脏疾病、儿童肺部疾病、成人肺癌三种疾病的全部知晓率为73.25%。结论 通州区烟草流行形势严峻,成人居民戒烟意愿不高,二手烟暴露情况严重,对烟草危害认知不高。娱乐场所、室内工作场所、餐馆为控烟重点场所,应加强控烟执法力度,完善戒烟服务体系,开展有针对性的健康教育工作。Objective To understand the prevalence of tobacco use among adult residents in Tongzhou district,also to provide evidence for tobacco control and local health policy.Methods Totally 1 150 residents aged 15 years and above were enrolled in Tongzhou district by multi-stage cluster sampling method.The subjects were surveyed face to face to complete a Tobacco Questionnaire.The survey included residents’ tobacco use,exposure to second-hand smoke and knowledge of tobacco hazards.Statistical software SPSS 22.0 was used and the data was analyzed by the chi-square test.Results The smoking rate was 22.26%,with 46.42% for males and 2.33% for females in Tongzhou district(χ^(2)=306.746,P<0.001).The daily smoking rate was 20.20%,with 42.46% for males and 1.83% for females(χ^(2)=279.501,P<0.001).Smoking cessation rate for adult residents of Tongzhou district was 33.87%,with 31.78% for males and 56.25% for females(χ^(2)=7.826,P=0.005),and increased with age(χ_(trend)^(2)=105.60,P<0.001).Among the smokers,13.01% had a desire to quit.In the last 12 months,there were 40.73% of smokers who had seen doctors and in which 79.21% had received some advice from doctors not to smoke.The second-hand smoke exposure rate of adult residents in Tongzhou district was 70.58%,with 74.31% for males and 67.46% for females(χ^(2)=6.090,P=0.014).The exposure rate of second-hand smoke in different places was highest in bar/nightclub(75.00%),followed by indoor workplace(60.13%),restaurant(46.10%),and the lowest in public transport(1.38%).The awareness rate of the adults in Tongzhou district was 43.90% that smoking could cause stroke,heart disease,lung cancer,penile erectile dysfunction,and a 73.25% of awareness rate that passive smoking could cause heart disease in adults,lung disease in children and lung cancer in adults.Conclusions The situation of tobacco epidemic in Tongzhou district is serious,with adult’s low willingness to quit smoking,serious exposure to second-hand smoke and low awareness of hazards of tobacco.Entertainment places,indoo

关 键 词：烟草流行 二手烟暴露 控烟 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]