皖南几种散生竹主要材性研究  

Main Properties of Several Monopodial Bamboos in Southern Anhui Province

作　　者：雷刚 王鹏程 汪佑宏[2] 赵啟 漆良华 LEI Gang;WANG Peng-cheng;WANG You-hong;ZHAO Qi;QI Liang-hua(Sanya Reseach Base,International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Sanya 572029,Hainan,China;School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China;International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心三亚研究基地,海南三亚572029 [2]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,安徽合肥230036 [3]国际竹藤中心,北京100102

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2022年第2期223-228,247,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费专项(1632019010);国际竹藤中心安徽太平试验中心开放基金项目。

摘　　要：为构建竹种质资源基础数据库、合理开发利用竹材提供理论依据,选择唐竹、中华大节竹、甜竹、粉绿竹、红哺鸡竹及雷竹共6种散生竹材为研究对象,对其主要物理、力学及化学性质进行对比分析,并与目前用途最广的毛竹相比较。结果表明,粉绿竹的密度最高,且高于毛竹,其气干密度、基本密度和绝干密度依次为0.89、0.69 g/cm^(3)和0.80 g/cm^(3);红哺鸡竹、唐竹和甜竹的密度均与毛竹相当;中华大节竹密度最低。各散生竹之间力学强度差异显著,但多数竹种各力学强度优于毛竹,可作为高性能材料进行加工利用。其中,抗拉强度以粉绿竹最高,为448.33 MPa;抗弯强度和抗压强度均以唐竹最高,分别为250.56、101.72 MPa;抗剪强度以红哺鸡竹最高,为22.38 MPa。虽然各散生竹种的综纤维素与α纤维素含量均低于毛竹,但仍可作为优良的制浆造纸原料,中华大节竹的综纤维素含量最高,为67.90%;唐竹的α纤维素含量最高,为43.09%。另外,低苯醇抽提物含量的粉绿竹和低不溶木质素含量的雷竹、唐竹均为降低制浆造纸工艺成本、提高纸张质量的较优原料选择。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of basic database of bamboo germplasm resources and the rational development and utilization of bamboo timber,six kinds of monopodial bamboos were selected as research objects,i.e.Sinobambusa tootsik,Indosasa sinica,Phyllostachys flexuosa,P.viridiglaucescens,P.iridescens and P.violascens.The main physical,mechanical and chemical properties were statistically analyzed and compared with P.heterocycla that is the most widely cultivated and used bamboo species.it was found that the density of P.viridiglaucescens was the highest,higher than that of P.heterocycla.The air-dry density,basic density and oven-dry density of P.viridiglaucescens were 0.89,0.69 g/cm^(3) and 0.80 g/cm^(3),respectively.The densities of P.violascens,S.tootsik and P.flexuosa were similar to P.heterocycla.And the density of I.sinaca was the lowest.There were significant difference in the mechanical properties of the monopodial bamboos,and most of them had better strength than P.heterocycla,so that they can be used as high-performance materials for processing.The tensile strength of P.viridiglaucescens was the highest,which was 448.33 MPa.The strength of rupture and compression strength of S.tootsik were the highest,which were 250.56 MPa and 101.72 MPa,respectively.The shear strength of P.iridescens was the highest,which was 22.38 MPa.Although the content of holocellulose andα-cellulose of these monopodial bamboo species were lower than those of P.heterocycla,they were excellent raw materials for pulping and paper making.Among them,the holocellulose content of I.sinica was the highest(67.90%)and theα-cellulose content of S.tootsik was highest(43.09%).In addition,P.viridiglaucescens with lower content of benzene alcohol extract and P.violascens and S.tootsik with lower content of acid insoluble lignin were great raw materials for reducing the cost of pulping and paper marking process and improving the quality of paper.

关 键 词：散生竹 物理性质 力学性质 化学成分 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术]