BBNJ国际造法中的“一揽子交易”:作用与局限  

The“package deal”in BBNJ international law-making:function and limitation

作　　者：孟令浩 MENG Ling-hao(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江杭州310008

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第1期49-59,共11页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2021年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治重大问题研究”(21JD031)。

摘　　要：在国际谈判中,“一揽子交易”是一种经常用来促成妥协和达成共识的谈判方法。BBNJ国际造法的“一揽子交易”基于挽救并推动进程的主观原因和基于议题间关联性的客观原因得以运用,兼具谈判方法和整体性程序安排两种属性。从国际法的角度来看,“一揽子交易”能够对将来达成的BBNJ国际协定起到维护完整性、增进统一性、保持稳定性和提升普遍性等重要作用。随着BBNJ国际造法的深入推进,“一揽子交易”的局限也逐渐显现,日益面临着来自正当性、合理性及效率性方面的挑战。中国应当积极采取应对措施,不断提高自身运用“一揽子交易”影响和塑造国际造法的能力。In international negotiations,“package deal”is a negotiation method that is often used to promote compromise and reach a consensus.In BBNJ international law-making,“package deal”is applied based on the subjective reasons of saving and promoting the process and the objective reasons of relevance between issues,and has two attributes:negotiation method and whole procedural arrangement.From the perspective of international law,“package deal”can play an important role in maintaining the integrity,promoting unity,maintaining stability and promoting universality of BBNJ international agreement to be concluded in the future.With the deepening of BBNJ’s international law-making,the limitations of“package deal”have gradually emerged,increasingly facing challenges from legitimacy,rationality and efficiency.China should put forward corresponding suggestions to improve its ability to influence and shape international law-making by using“package deal”.

关 键 词：BBNJ国际造法 “一揽子交易” 条约保留 习惯国际法 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]