《民法典》下合同对第三人效力规则在船舶优先权制度中的优化适用  

Optimal application of the rules of effectiveness of contracts to the third party under the Civil Code in the maritime lien system

作　　者：李志文[1] 柴芳玲 LI Zhi-wen;CHAI Fang-ling(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第1期60-67,共8页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才”哲学社会科学领军人才项目“构建海洋命运共同体的法律制度和机制研究”(XLYC1804006)。

摘　　要：船舶优先权作为《海商法》特有的一种担保物权类型,其转让与代位规则的行使存在着理论争议。《民法典》下合同对第三人效力规则的完善,尤其是第三人代为清偿法律地位的明确,为船舶优先权的行使开拓了新路径,松动了某些特定的船舶优先权绝对禁止转让模式。然而,当前第三人代为清偿规则在船舶优先权制度中的相关规则运用及法律适用还存在不协调之处,人身属性海事请求权的转让与代位直接牵动着船舶优先权的行使。鉴于此,有必要从规则识别转向制度关联,在遵循《民法典》基本价值理念的同时,注重《海商法》规则的内生动力,从制度、理论及实践层面协调《民法典》和《海商法》之间的适用冲突,以在制度框架内实现二者的优化适用。Maritime liens,as a unique type of security property rights in the Chinese Maritime Code,have persistent theoretical disputes over the exercise of the rules on its transfer and subrogation.The improvement of the rules of the effectiveness of contracts to the third party in the Civil Code,especially the clarification of the legal status of the third party paying off on behalf of others,opened up a new path for the exercise of maritime liens and loosened the absolute prohibition of the transfer of some specific maritime liens.However,there are still inconsistencies when the rules of the third party paying off on behalf of others are applied in the system of maritime liens,and the transfer and subrogation of personal maritime claims directly affect the exercise of maritime liens.In view of this,it is necessary to shift from rule identification to system association,while following the basic values of the Civil Code,pay attention to the endogenous power of the Chinese Maritime Code,and coordinate the application conflicts between the Civil Code and the Chinese Maritime Code from the institutional,theoretical,and practical levels in order to realize the optimal application of the two within the institutional framework.

关 键 词：第三人代为清偿 船舶优先权转让与代位 规则适用 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]