《民法典》动产抵押权登记对抗规则的解释论  

Interpretation of the confrontation rules of registration of chattel mortgage in the Civil Code

作　　者：莫杨燊 MO Yang-shen(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第1期68-80,共13页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“《民法典》中的参照适用条款研究”(20BFX103)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第403条在动产抵押权的设定上采取登记对抗主义。动产抵押登记对抗规则宜在区分权利多重转让和优先顺位争夺两种场合的基础上作类型化解释。动产抵押登记与不动产登记效力迥异,其不具有公信力,作用在于公示权利负担和分配优先顺位。未登记的动产抵押权虽然在对抗力上有所欠缺,但其性质仍属物权。澄清第三人的具体范围需要在客观和主观两个方面建构限定标准并加以运用,一方面将未经登记也可对抗和即使登记也不得对抗的第三人予以排除,另一方面将未经登记不得对抗的典型第三人类型进行陈列。通过正面列举和反面排除相结合的方式,第三人范围的图景可得以清晰、全面地呈现。Article 403 of the Civil Code has adopted the doctrine of registration antagonism in the establishment of chattel mortgage.The doctrine of registration antagonism of chattel mortgage should be interpretated typologically on the basis of distinguishing multiple rights transfer and priority competition.Chattel mortgage registration is very different from estate register in terms of effectiveness.It does not have public trust,and its function is to publicize the burden of rights and allocate priority.Although the unregistered chattel mortgage is lacking in antagonism,its nature is still a property right.Clarifying the specific scope of the third party requires shaping and applying the qualified standards in both objective and subjective aspects.On the one hand,excluding those third parties who can be confronted without registration and those who cannot be confronted even with registration;on the other hand,enumerating typical third parties who cannot be confronted without registration.Through combination of positive enumeration and negative exclusion,the scope of the third party can be clearly and comprehensively presented.

关 键 词：动产抵押权 登记对抗主义 第三人范围 优先顺位 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]