新冠肺炎疫情期间国际海员换班难的法律问题与应对  

International seafarers’shift crisis during COVID-19 pandemic:legal issues and countermeasures

作　　者：胡正良[1] 李雯雯 HU Zheng-liang;LI Wen-wen(School of Law,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2022年第1期81-92,共12页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金青年项目“海上公共卫生法律治理研究”(21CFX019)。

摘　　要：新冠肺炎疫情期间,沿海国严格的边境防疫管控措施导致国际海员、尤其是外国籍国际海员的正常换班遭遇困境。国际海员换班涉及船舶挂靠、海员上下船和下船的外国籍海员遣返三个环节。以传染病防治和国际海员权利保障的相关国际条约和法律规定为依据,运用公共卫生理论和行政管理理论,分析国际海员换班三环节存在的法律问题,提出国际海员换班问题的应对之策:遵循相关理念和原则,通过循证风险评估提高行政决策的科学性,以国际海员接种疫苗作为其换班的条件,在外国籍国际海员出入境环节授予其适当的旅行限制豁免。Strict entry control measures taken by Coastal States during COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in international seafarers’shift crisis worldwide.The process of international seafarers’shift consists of ship’s calling at port,embarking and disembarking of seafarers and repatriation of disembarked foreign seafarers.Based on relevant international treaties and legal provisions on prevention of infectious disease and protection of seafarers’rights,combing the theory of public health with the theory of administration,this paper analyzes the obstacles existing in the international seafarers’shift and puts forward countermeasures that following related idea and principles,conducting evidence-based risk assessment to improve the rationality of administrative decisions.Vaccination for international seafarers should be required as a pre-condition for shift.In the aspect of foreign seafarers’entry-exit,exemption from travel restrictions should be duly granted.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 国际海员 换班 法律问题 

分 类 号：D922.294[政治法律—经济法学]