硼氮互作对甘蓝型油菜生长、氮素吸收和籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of boron-nitrogen interaction on growth,nitrogen uptake and seed yield of rapeseed(Brassica napus)

作　　者：王友强 赵哲 汪社亮 叶祥盛[1] 刘清云 徐芳森[1] WANG Youqiang;ZHAO Zhe;WANG Sheliang;YE Xiangsheng;LIU Qingyun;XU Fangsen(Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Xishui Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Huanggang 438000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]湖北省浠水县农业技术推广中心,黄冈438000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第2期38-47,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200108)。

摘　　要：为探究甘蓝型油菜硼氮交互作用的增产效应及其生理机制,通过水培试验和大田小区试验相结合的手段,分析了硼氮交互效应对油菜生长、氮素吸收利用、氮代谢酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:在苗期,硼缺乏显著抑制了不同氮供应水平下油菜根系生长发育;与低氮或低硼处理相比,硼氮平衡供给显著提高了氮素吸收及其相关基因的表达水平,改善了氮素同化过程中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性;在田间试验中,硼和氮肥施用均显著提高了油菜产量,但硼肥施用效果与土壤氮素水平紧密相关,在正常氮(180 kg/hm^(2))供应水平下硼肥施用效果要优于低氮(60 kg/hm^(2))条件,而高硼(18 kg/hm^(2))配高氮(240 kg/hm^(2))限制了产量的进一步增加;适宜的硼氮配施显著改善了氮素收获指数,促进氮素向籽粒中的分配;无论是水培苗期还是大田全生育期,硼氮配施对油菜生长发育都存在显著的交互效应,在本研究的大田条件下,油菜适宜氮肥推荐用量为180~240 kg/hm^(2),同时搭配4.5~9 kg/hm^(2)的硼砂施用量,可以最大限度地提高油菜增产潜力。To explore the yieldincreasing effect and physiological mechanism of boron(B)-nitrogen(N)interaction in Brassica napus,the effects of B‐N different treatments on rapeseed growth,N uptake and utilization,N metabolism enzyme activity,and seed yield were analyzed by hydroponic culture experiment and field plot experiment.The results showed that B deficiency significantly inhibited the root growth of rapeseed at the seedling stage under different N supply levels.Compared with low N or low B treatment,the balanced supply of B and N significantly increased the N uptake and the expression level of related genes,and improved the activities of nitrate reductase(NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)in N metabolism.In the field experiment,the application of B and N fertilizer significantly increased the seed yield of rapeseed.However,the effect of B fertilizer application was closely related to soil N availability.Under the normal N supply level(180 kg/hm^(2)),the effect of B fertilizer application was better than that of low N(60 kg/hm^(2))condition,while high B(18 kg/hm^(2))combined with high N(240 kg/hm^(2))limited the further increase of seed yield.Appropriate coapplication of B and N significantly improved the N harvest index and promoted the distribution of N to the grains.B and N coapplication had significant interaction effects on the growth and development of rapeseed,both in the hydroponic seedling stage and in the field of the whole growth stage.Under the field conditions of this study,the recommended amount of N fertilizer was 180‐240 kg/hm^(2),and the combined application with 4.5‐9 kg/hm^(2) of borax could maximize the yield increasing potential of rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 硼氮互作 精准施肥 氮代谢酶活 养分综合管理 平衡施肥 绿色高效 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S565.4