东北中部黑土连续秸秆还田下玉米适宜氮肥用量研究  

Optimum nitrogen application rate for maize under continuous straw returning in black soil of central Northeast China

作　　者：王博博 徐新朋[2] 侯云鹏[3] 胡诚[4] 何萍[2] 伍玉鹏[1] WANG Bobo;XU Xinpeng;HOU Yunpeng;HU Cheng;HE Ping;WU Yupeng(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,长春130033 [4]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第2期71-79,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程自由创新项目(CXGC2021ZY004);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200101)。

摘　　要：为确定东北地区中部黑土秸秆还田条件下玉米适宜氮肥用量,于2017-2020年在吉林省公主岭市连续4 a设置定位试验,分析秸秆还田下不同氮肥用量(0、70、140、210、280和350 kg/hm^(2))对玉米产量、氮肥利用效率和土壤氮素平衡的影响,探讨秸秆还田下氮肥用量与玉米产量及氮素盈余率之间的关系。结果显示,秸秆还田下玉米产量随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,但获得最高产量的施氮量随着试验的开展呈降低趋势,降幅达到了15.8%。玉米累积氮素农学效率、回收率和偏生产力均随着氮肥用量的增加而降低。土壤氮素平衡结果显示,当施氮量超过210 kg/hm^(2)时,显著增加了土壤矿质氮素累积量,与播前土壤相比,在高施氮量下(280和350 kg/hm^(2)),其矿质氮素累积量分别增加了13.0%和33.6%,与此同时,其氮素累积表观损失达到了578和833 kg/hm^(2)。氮素表观盈余率与氮肥用量、籽粒产量、累积氮素回收率和氮素损失量相关性分析结果显示,当盈余率为0时,氮肥用量为188.9 kg/hm^(2),产量为11850 kg/hm^(2),氮素回收率为40.1%,氮素损失量为65.7 kg/hm^(2)。结果表明:秸秆还田下配施适宜氮肥可显著提高玉米产量以及氮素利用率,并能降低土壤氮素表观损失。综合考虑作物产量、理论盈余率及土壤氮素表观平衡等因素,所研究区域长期秸秆还田下适宜氮肥用量为179.5~198.4 kg/hm^(2)。In order to determine the appropriate nitrogen(N)fertilizer application rate for maize under straw returning in the black soil of central Northeast China,a site-specific field experiment from 2017 to 2020 was conducted in Gongzhuling County of Jilin Province.The experiment had set 6 different N fertilizer rates(0,70,140,210,280 and 350 kg/hm^(2))to analyze the effects of N on maize yield,N fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil N balance under straw returning,and to explore the relationship among N fertilizer rate,maize yield and N surplus rate under straw return.The results showed that the maize yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of N fertilizer application rate under straw returning condition,but the amount of N application to obtain the highest yield was decreasing with the extension of experiment,reduced by 15.8%.The cumulative agronomic efficiency,the recovery efficiency and the partial factor productivity of N application in maize all decreased with increasing rate of N fertilizer application.In additin,soil N residues were significantly increased by 13.0%and 33.6%at high N application rates(280 and 350 kg/hm^(2))compared with the soil before planting,respectively,while their cumulative apparent N losses reached 578 and 833 kg/hm^(2).The correlation analysis showed that the N fertilizer rate was 188.9 kg/hm^(2),yield was 11850 kg/hm^(2),N recovery efficien‐cy was 40.1%and N loss was 65.7 kg/hm^(2) when the surplus rate was 0.The results indicated that the appropriate N fertilizer rate under straw returning conditions could significantly improve maize yield and N use efficiency,and reduce the apparent N loss.Considering the crop yield,theoretical surplus rate and apparent soil N balance,to apply 179.5-198.4 kg/hm^(2) N fertilizer was the appreciate range under long-term straw incorporation in the experiment region.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 氮肥用量 氮肥利用率 氮素损失 养分平衡 玉米 秸秆资源利用 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]