郁金香种质资源、育种进展及种球国产化思考  

Germplasm,breeding and localization of tulip bulbs in China

作　　者：产祝龙 向林[1] 王艳平 CHAN Zhulong;XIANG Lin;WANG Yanping(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室/华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第2期144-150,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000402);华中农业大学自主科技创新基金项目(2662016QD026和2662020YLPY010)。

摘　　要：郁金香是荷兰、土耳其等多国的国花,但其主要的起源中心位于中国和中亚国家接壤的天山山脉和帕米尔高原地区。1000多年前突厥人发现了天山山谷中的郁金香,并在奥斯曼帝国进行了大量传播和种植。1559年布斯拜克将郁金香带到维也纳,并于1573年由“郁金香之父”克卢修斯带到荷兰莱顿。荷兰作为郁金香大国,收藏了约2400份郁金香种质资源。其他国家如土耳其、英国、以色列、捷克、波兰及中国都收藏保存了数百份郁金香种质资源。郁金香的育种目标包括花色、花香、花形、花期、瓶插期、抗热性、抗病性、低需冷量、种球繁育等。通过系统驯化和芽变选育,我国培育了13个郁金香品种。我国郁金香种球几乎全部依赖进口,国产种球由于采后处理不当、病毒侵染等原因导致开花效果差和种球退化。通过新品种培育和郁金香种球复壮,有望实现我国郁金香种球及品种的国产化。Tulip is the national flower of the Netherlands and other countries,but it is originated from Tianshan Mountain and the PamirAlai Mountains between China and Central Asian countries.Turks discovered tulips in the Tianshan valley more than 1000 years ago and spread and planted them extensively in the Ottoman Empire.The ambassador of the Holy Roman Empire,Busbecq,brought tulips to Vienna in 1559.Clusius,the“patron saint of the tulip”,brought them to Leiden,the Netherlands in 1573.From then on,tulip was spread all over the Netherlands.As a big tulip country,the Netherlands has collected about 2400 tulip accessions.Hundreds of tulip germplasm resources are also collected and preserved in some countries including Turkey,Britain,Israel,the Czech Republic,Poland and China.The breeding goals of tulips include flower color,flower aroma,flower shape,flowering period,vase life,heat tolerance,disease resistance,low cooling requirement,and bulb proliferation.Through systematic domestication and bud mutation,13 tulip varieties were released in China.Almost all tulip bulbs in China were imported from the Netherland.Quality of domestic tulip bulbs could not bloom well due to improper postharvest treatment and virus-induced degeneration.Through the breeding of new varieties and the proliferation and rejuvenation of tulip bulbs,it is expected to realize the localization of tulip bulbs and varieties in China.

关 键 词：郁金香 起源 种质资源 育种 种球生产 

分 类 号：S682.263[农业科学—观赏园艺]