钍的地球化学性质与资源分布概述  

Geochemical Properties and Resource Distribution of Thorium

作　　者：陈金勇[1,2] 范洪海 孟艳宁 王生云[1,2] CHEN Jinyong;FAN Honghai;MENG Yanning;WANG Shengyun(Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing 100029, China;Key Laboratory of Uranium Resource Exploration and Evaluation Technology, CNNC, Beijing 100029, China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院,北京100029 [2]中核铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《南华大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期52-57,共6页Journal of University of South China：Science and Technology

基　　金：联合创新基金项目(NRE2021-04);中核集团集中研发项目“四代勘查”;国防预研项目(3210408)。

摘　　要：岩浆作用过程中Th与U、REE、Zr的地球化学行为相似,作为不相容元素残留在岩浆演化后期的熔体中,在碱性岩、伟晶岩及火成碳酸岩中富集。表生过程中钍的地球化学性质不活泼,能够保存在稳定的含钍独居石矿物晶格中形成砂矿。热液活动过程中钍主要以复合碳酸络合物的形式迁移。全球钍资源量约为637万t,主要分布在印度、巴西、澳大利亚、美国等国家,分为碳酸岩型、砂矿型、脉状、碱性岩和其他矿床5大类,砂矿、碳酸岩型和脉状矿床是钍资源的主要来源。The geochemical behavior of Th in magmatism is similar to that of U,REE and Zr.As an incompatible element,thorium remains in the melt of later stage of magmatic evolution and enriches in igneous carbonatite,pegmatite and alkaline rock.In supergene process,the geochemical properties of thorium are inactive and can be preserved in a stable lattice of thorium-bearing monazite to form placers.In the process of hydrothermal activity,thorium mainly migrates in the form of composite carbonate complex.The global thorium resources are about 6.37 million tons,mainly distributed in India,Brazil,Australia,and USA.It is divided into five categories:placer,carbonatite,vein type,alkaline rocks and other deposits.Placer,carbonatiteand vein type are the main sources of thorium resources.

关 键 词：钍 地球化学行为 资源分布 独居石 稀土元素 

分 类 号：Q614.42[生物学—生物物理学]