塔里木河流域绿洲水土资源匹配特征及稳定性分析  

Analysis on the matching characteristics and stability of oasis water and land resources in the Tarim river basin

作　　者：阿不都艾尼·阿不力孜 任强 王义成[1] 於嘉闻 龙爱华[1] 张继 ABUDUAINI Abulizi;REN Qiang;WANG Yicheng;YU Jiawen;LONG Aihua;ZHANG Ji(China Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Aketao County Water Conservancy Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Aketao County 845550,China;Water Resource Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830000,China;Shihezi University Water Conservancy and Construction Engineering College,Shihezi 832003,China;Tianjin University School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区阿克陶县水利局,新疆阿克陶县845550 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区水资源中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [4]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832003 [5]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》2022年第1期71-78,共8页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0404301,2016YFA0601600);新疆维吾尔自治区流域规划委员会重大咨询项目(403-1005-YBN-FT6I-2,403-1005-YBN-FT6I-7);中国工程院咨询项目(2020-XY-41)。

摘　　要：水土资源是维持干旱区绿洲可持续发展的关键要素,其时空变化直接影响绿洲的社会经济发展和生态安全。文章旨在通过水足迹与空间分析相结合的方法揭示塔里木河流域绿洲水土资源的时空匹配特征及其相互影响。1990—2015年间塔里木河流域农业水足迹增加了225.2亿m^(3),人工绿洲增加了1.30万km^(2),天然绿洲减少了0.16万km^(2)。天然绿洲和人工绿洲有分别向叶尔羌河下游、渭干河周边、开孔河中段及阿克苏河到塔里木河干流之间聚集的趋势,农业水足迹和天然绿洲的空间失配度要远高于人工绿洲,流域绿洲总体处于亚稳定-基本稳定状态。建议当地政府可通过经济结构转型、建设规模化农业生产等方式来提升流域绿洲水土资源的匹配性与稳定性。结果可为当地绿洲水土资源的有效管理和维护绿洲生态安全提供可行的对策建议。Water and land resources play important roles on maintaining the stable and sustainable develop⁃ment of oasis in arid regions,whose changes in time and space will affect the economic development and eco⁃logical security of the oasis directly.Taking the Tarim river basin in China as an example,the paper aims to reveal the mutual effect between the matching features,spatial and temporal changes,and agricultural water footprint of water and land resources in the river basin and oasis land resources through integrating water foot⁃print theory and spatial analysis.From 1990 to 2015,the agricultural water footprint of the Tarim river basin increased by 22.52 billion m^(3),the artificial oasis increased by 13,000 km^(2),and the natural oasis decreased by 1,600 km^(2).Spatially,the natural oasis and artificial oasis tend to converge on the lower reaches of the Yar⁃kant River,surrounding areas of the Weigan river,the middle reaches of the Kaikong river and the areas be⁃tween Aksu river and the main stream of Tarim river.The spatial mismatch between agricultural water foot⁃print and natural oasis is much higher than artificial oasis,and the oasis in the whole basin is in a metasta⁃ble or stable state.It is suggested that the local government can improve the matching and stability of water and land resources in the river basin through economic structural transformation and large-scale agricultural production.The results could provide feasible countermeasures and suggestions for the effective management of oasis water and land resources and maintenance of ecological security in the oasis.

关 键 词：绿洲水足迹 土地利用变化 基尼系数 水土资源 塔里木河流域 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]