不同流态中长江江豚的栖息活动比较  

Comparison of Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) clustering in different flow patterns

作　　者：王子璇 陈敏敏 王康伟 连玉喜 于道平 WANG Zixuan;CHEN Minmin;WANG Kangwei;LIAN Yuxi;YU Daoping(Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservatin and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province,Anqing 246003,China;School of Life Sciences,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246003,China)

机构地区：[1]水生生物保护与水生态修复安徽省高校工程技术研究中心,安庆246003 [2]安庆师范大学生命科学学院,安庆246003

出　　处：《兽类学报》2022年第2期152-158,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：香港海洋公园保育基金(OPCF)(AW05-1314,AW05-1617);安徽教育厅水生生物保护创新团队专项基金(070-185003)。

摘　　要：长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis)呈斑块状分布在长江干流,对栖息地有明确的选择性。流态是栖息地水文环境的核心内容。为研究长江江豚对不同流态的选择性,本文根据1993―2021年对长江下游15次样线考察记录到的412次,合计1 117头江豚个体的栖息活动进行了统计分析。结果表明:全年长江江豚在分汊河段几种流态中,目击率和集群规模没有显著性差异(P> 0.05)。枯水期洲头分流区目击率明显低于丰水期(P <0.05),枯水期河口汇流区目击率和集群规模却明显高于丰水期(P <0.05)。结果提示丰水期或枯水期部分流态中江豚栖息活动存在差异。本研究结果为江豚自然保护区重要栖息地管护提供指导,特别是枯水期应该加强河口汇流区保护。The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) is distributed in patches along the mainstream of the Yangtze River and has clear habitat selection. The flow pattern is the core content of the habitat hydrological environment. To study the Yangtze finless porpoise selectivity for different flow patterns, we analyzed the individual habitat activity of 1 117 dolphins based on 412 observations recorded along 15 transect surveys on Yangtze River between 1993 to 2021. The results showed that the sightings and cluster scale of the Yangtze finless porpoise have no significant difference in the branching channel(P > 0. 05). The sightings in the bifurcation upon bar were significantly lower in the low discharge than in the high discharge(P < 0. 05). On the contrary, the sightings and cluster scale in the estuary confluence area were significantly higher in the low discharge than in the high discharge(P < 0. 05). These results indicated distinct habitat activities of the Yangtze finless porpoise in partial flow patterns between the low and high discharge, which provide a reference for the management and conservation of important habitats in nature reserves, especially the protection of estuary confluence area during the low discharge.

关 键 词：长江江豚 流态 目击率 栖息地管护 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]