成渝地区中小河流水生态环境保护存在的问题与对策  

Problems and countermeasures for water ecological environment protection of small and medium-sized rivers in Chengdu-Chongqing area

作　　者：温泉[1] 马迎群[1] 秦延文[1] 迟明慧 张雷[1] 时瑶[1] 曹伟[1] 任春平 赵丽 WEN Quan;MA Yingqun;QIN Yanwen;CHI Minghui;ZHANG Lei;SHI Yao;CAO Wei;REN Chunping;ZHAO Li(Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;Sichuan Academy of Environmental Policy and Planning;Ecological Value and Health Research Center,Chongqing Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所 [2]四川省环境政策研究与规划院 [3]重庆市生态环境研究院生态价值与健康研究中心

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2022年第2期493-499,共7页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目(第一期)(2019-LHYJ-01-0205-37)。

摘　　要：为进一步保护成渝地区水生态环境质量,筑牢长江上游水生态安全屏障,围绕成渝地区河流水质污染特征,剖析了中小河流水环境保护存在的问题,提出了加强成渝地区中小河流水环境保护的对策建议。结果表明:成渝地区水环境质量呈逐步改善趋势,水质污染主要集中在中小河流,特别是跨界河流水质超标频度较高;中小河流水质污染主要集中在2—6月,说明区域水质主要受点源污染和初期雨水冲刷的面源污染物集中入河的共同影响。水资源分布不均与高强度开发利用导致的生态流量不足,城镇人口集聚导致的生活污染压力大,农业面源治理难度大导致的长期高污染负荷,上下游联防联控机制不完善造成的跨界河流污染防治难度大,是造成成渝地区中小河流水质污染突出的主要原因。建议加强中小河流的生态流量保障,厂网齐抓推进城镇生活污水处理提质增效,多管齐下提升农业农村面源污染防治水平,流域统筹推进水环境管理水平。To further protect the water eco-environmental quality in Chengdu-Chongqing area and build a strong ecological security barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the problems existing in the water environmental protection of small and medium-sized rivers were analyzed based on the pollution characteristics of water quality in Chengdu-Chongqing area.Countermeasures were put forward to strengthen the water environmental protection of small and medium-sized rivers.The results showed that:1)The water quality in Chengdu-Chongqing area was gradually improving.The water pollution was mainly concentrated in small and medium-sized rivers,especially in the transboundary rivers,where the water quality exceeded the standard frequently.The water quality pollution of small and medium-sized rivers in the region mainly appeared from February to June,indicating that the regional water quality was jointly affected by the point source pollution and the non-point source pollutants which were flowed into the river with the initial rainwater.2)The main reasons for the prominent water quality pollution of small and medium-sized rivers in Chengdu-Chongqing area included:the insufficient ecological flow caused by uneven distribution of water resources and high-intensity development,the high domestic source pollution caused by urban population agglomeration,the long-term high pollution load caused by the difficulty in non-point source pollution control,and the difficulty in water quality protection of transboundary rivers caused by incomplete mechanism in upstream and downstream joint prevention and control.3)It was suggested to strengthen the ecological flow guarantee of small and medium-sized rivers,pay close attention to the plant and network to promote the quality and efficiency of urban domestic sewage treatment,take multiple measures to improve the prevention and control level of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution,and comprehensively promote the level of water environment management in the basin.

关 键 词：中小河流 成渝地区 水污染特征 问题诊断 政策建议 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]