嘉兴城区河网水系水环境问题识别与治理对策  

Water environment problem identification and treatment countermeasure in Jiaxing urban river network

作　　者：车霏霏 姜霞[1,2] 王书航[1,2] 郑朔方[1,2] 李贺[1,2] 邢健宇 CHE Feifei;JIANG Xia;WANG Shuhang;ZHENG Shuofang;LI He;XING Jianyu(National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences)

机构地区：[1]湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,中国环境科学研究院 [2]国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2022年第2期529-537,共9页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07206-003)。

摘　　要：嘉兴市是长江三角洲重要城市之一,作为典型平原河网城市,嘉兴市地势低平、水体流动性不足、污染物易淤积,加之上游客水水质差、人口密集、城市径流污染日益凸显、河道航运扰动频繁等,导致城区河网水系中总磷及氨氮不能稳定达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准;河网水体透明度低下,平均值不足40 cm;大部分河湖水生植被缺失,沉水植物丰富水域仅占河网总水域面积的5%,水生态系统亟待恢复。针对现存主要水环境问题,以恢复河网水系水生态的完整性和良性循环为核心目标,以提升水体透明度、恢复沉水植物为重要抓手,制定外源管控、内源削减、生境改善、水生态修复、长效管护5类治理措施,以期促进河网水系草型清水生态系统的重建,提升水体自净能力,最终实现嘉兴城区河网水质的全面改善。Jiaxing is one of the important cities in the Yangtze River Delta,as a typical plain river network city,Jiaxing existed a series of problems such as low-lying flat terrain,poor water mobility,and easy siltation of pollutants.Furthermore,because of bad water quality at upstream rivers,concentrated population,increasing urban runoff pollution,and frequent disturbances from shipping,etc.,the concentrations of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen in the urban river network could not stably reach GradeⅢof Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002);the water transparency was low,with an average value of less than 40 cm;the aquatic vegetation was general deficient in the river network,and the area of the water with rich submerged plants accounted for only 5%of the total water area,urgent restoration of aquatic ecosystems must be concerned.In view of the existing main water environmental problems,restoring the ecological integrity and virtuous circle of the river network was taken as the core goals,and increasing water transparency,and growing submerged plants were considered as the important pathways.Specific treatment countermeasure had five aspects,including exogenous control,endogenous reduction,habitat improvement,water ecological restoration,and long-term management,in order to reconstruct grass-type clear water ecosystem in river network water system,enhance the water self-purification capacity,and finally realize the overall water quality improvement of the urban river network in Jiaxing City.

关 键 词：平原河网 水环境问题 成因识别 治理对策 嘉兴市 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]