土流并存、政教纷争与权势转移:1938~1943年甘肃卓尼地区的政治生态  

Coexistence of the Tusi-chieftain System and theGovernment-dispatched Officials,Political and Religious Disputes and Power Shift:Political Ecology of Zhuoni Area in Gansu Province from 1938 to 1943

作　　者：王志通[1] WANG Zhitong(School of History and Culture,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期42-54,共13页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项重大委托项目(20@WTS003);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费科研创新团队项目“清代伊犁将军研究”(2020JBKYTD002)。

摘　　要：甘肃卓尼地区是位于甘肃西南部、甘川交界地带的一个藏文化区。自明初以后,中央政府在此推行土司制度,因俗而治,延续时间长达五百余年。1937年,第十九代卓尼杨土司被哗变部属杀害,国民政府趁机施行“改土设流”,由此卓尼政教体系开始走向崩解。代表传统政治势力的洮岷路保安司令部、代表新型国家权力的卓尼设治局与代表宗教权力的禅定寺各自为营,相互较量。设治局与禅定寺为划拨香火租粮进行反复商讨,保安司令部与禅定寺围绕寺权明争暗斗,保安司令部与设治局围绕禁烟问题不断角逐。在纷繁复杂的政教争斗中,权势转移明显,保安司令部的权力逐渐减弱,设治局的权力渐有增长,禅定寺的自主性有所加强,部落的独立性亦有凸显。这些权力纷争和权势转移不仅没有消解边疆地区“国家化”的趋势和进程,反而在博弈互动中推动了边疆社会各民族交往交流交融。Zhuoni area,located in the southwest of Gansu province and bordering Sichuan province of China,is a Tibetan-inhabited area.The Tusi-chieftain system implemented here by the National Government through the customary rule had lasted for more than five hundred years from the beginning of the Ming dynasty.In 1937,Zhuoni,the 19th-generation Tusi-chieftain,was killed by the mutineers in a mutiny.The National Government took the opportunity to replace the Tusi-chieftain system with the government-dispatched officials.Therefore,the system integrating politics with religion in Zhuoni began to collapse with the following features:the Taominlu Security Command representing the traditional political power and the Administrative Bureau of Zhuoni representing the new state power and the Chanding Monastery representing the religious power competed with one another for their own interests.The Administrative Bureau of Zhuoni and the Chanding Monastery negotiated repeatedly for the share of the special temple taxes,while the Security Command the and the Chanding Monastery fought with every means for the religious power,and the Security Command and the Administrative Bureau fought for the right to the prohibition of opium.In these struggles,it was clear that the power of the Security Command was weakened,the power of the Administrative Bureau was reinforced,the autonomy of the Monastery was enhanced,and the tribes’independence became more conspicuous.All these struggles and shift of different powers did not stop the process of nationalization in the border areas,but promoted the communication and fusion of different ethnic groups in such game interaction while enhancing the construction of the consciousness of the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：卓尼地区 土司政治 政治生态 权势转移 边疆治理 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学]