载人航天器CO_(2)清除技术分析与任务模式设计  

CO_(2) Removal Technology Analysis and Mission Mode Design of Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：杨乐 李志杰[1] 田林[1] 徐小平[1] 李劲东[2] YANG Le;LI Zhijie;TIAN Lin;XU Xiaoping;LI Jindong(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,CAST,Beijing 100094,China;Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite,CAST,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院总体设计部,北京100094 [2]中国空间技术研究院遥感卫星总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《真空与低温》2022年第2期212-218,共7页Vacuum and Cryogenics

摘　　要：航天员在载人航天器内活动时,须借助环控生保设备及时清除乘员呼吸代谢所产生的CO_(2)。CO_(2)清除设备的选择取决于飞行任务周期、技术特点与成熟度等要求。分别介绍了LiOH、分子筛、固态胺等现役载人航天器采用的材料和技术方案,对不同方案的工作原理、运行方式及工程应用情况进行了详细分析,对清除效率、设备质量、运行功耗等参数进行了对比,并从载荷质量变化趋势角度结合未来我国载人航天多任务模式进行了适用性分析。结果表明,固态胺技术适合中长期载人航天任务,并有取代分子筛技术的趋势;在理想条件下,短期载人航天任务可以根据任务需求,选择固态胺或LiOH。When astronauts move in manned spacecraft,they need to remove CO_(2) produced by crew’s respiration and metabolism in time with the help of environmental control and life support equipment.The selection of CO_(2) removal equipment depends on mission cycle,technical characteristics,maturity and other indicators.This paper introduces the technical approaches of active manned spacecraft such as LiOH,molecular sieve and solid amine,analyzes its working principle,operation mode and engineering application in detail,compares its removal efficiency,equipment mass and operation power consumption,and analyzes the applicability of China’s manned spaceflight multi mission mode in the future from the perspective of load quality change trend,The conclusion shows that solid amine technology is suitable for medium and long-term manned space missions,and has the trend of replacing molecular sieve technology.Under ideal conditions,solid amine or LiOH can be selected for short-term manned space missions according to mission requirements.

关 键 词：载人航天器 CO_(2)清除 环控生保系统 载人月球探测 空间站 

分 类 号：V444.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]