13世纪英格兰世俗王室法官数量辨析  

A New Study on the Number of Secular Royal Judges in the 13^(th)-Century England

作　　者：朱健 ZHU Jian

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2022年第1期38-51,127,共15页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：13世纪英格兰世俗法官在王室法庭中所占比例是一个重要的学术问题。传统观点认为,在13世纪的王室法庭中,大多数法官由神职人员担任。主要原因是,中世纪教会垄断了教育资源,俗人没有受教育的机会,因而没有做法官的资格。然而重新考察王室法官的背景,情况却并非如此。在理查德一世至亨利三世统治时期,世俗法官在王室法庭中占有的比例,平均超过半数。可见世俗身份并不是他们接受教育的障碍。在13世纪,人们有各种可以选择的基础教育资源。他们可以从早先的地方从业经历中获得法律职业教育或训练。The number of secular judges in the royal courts in the 13^(th) century is an important academic issue.The traditional view is that the majority of judges in the 13^(th)-century royal courts were clerics;the main reason is that in the Middle Ages,the church monopolized educational resources,and laymen had no opportunity to receive education,so they were not qualified to be judges.However,this is not the case when re-examining the background of the royal judges.From Richard Ⅰ to Henry Ⅲ,the proportion of secular judges in the royal courts averaged more than half.It can be seen that secular status was not an obstacle to their education.In the 13^(th) century,laymen had various alternative primary educational resources.They could obtain legal professional education or training from their previous local experience.

关 键 词：英格兰 职业法官 世俗法官 基础教育 法律职业教育 

分 类 号：K561.32[历史地理—历史学] D756.1[历史地理—世界史]