碳化钛/含镍杂化物对聚氨酯阻燃性能的影响研究  

Effect of Titanium Carbide/Nickel-containing Hybrid on Flame Retardancy of Polyurethane

作　　者：邱纹汐 施永乾 刘川 叶涵 马苏宁 QIU Wenxi;SHI Yongqian;LIU Chuan;YE Han;MA Suning(College of Environment and Safety Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学环境与安全工程学院,福建福州350116

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2022年第2期23-31,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51803031);福建省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2018J05078)。

摘　　要：采用聚合反应和自组装技术,以碳化钛(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))、硝酸镍、植酸、吡咯等作为原料,合成植酸镍修饰的聚吡咯包裹的Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)纳米杂化阻燃剂(NiPM),并将其添加到热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)中制备了阻燃TPU的纳米复合材料即TPU/NiPM-2.0纳米复合材料,研究其对TPU阻燃和抑烟减毒性能的影响。结果表明:与纯TPU相比,TPU/NiPM-2.0纳米复合材料的热释放速率峰值、烟气生成速率峰值和总生烟量值分别下降了25.5%、24.7%和21.7%,CO和CO_(2)释放速率峰值分别降低了19.1%和16.36%;此外,TPU/NiPM-2.0纳米复合材料的炭渣呈现出最好的致密性和最高的石墨化程度。这些结果说明NiPM阻燃剂具有显著的阻燃和抑烟减毒作用:一方面,该镍基阻燃剂具有催化抑烟减毒作用,生成的含磷自由基(如PO·)进入气相捕捉H·和HO·,中断燃烧反应;另一方面,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)的物理阻隔作用和部分氧化形成的二氧化钛的催化抑烟减毒作用进一步降低了热量传递和有毒烟气的产生。In this work,we use titanium carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)),nickel nitrate,phytic acid and pyrrole to synthesize Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) nanohybrid flame retardant coated with polypyrrole modified by nickel phytate(NiPM),and add the NiPM to the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU)matrix to prepare flame retardant TPU nanocomposites,namely TPU/NiPM-2.0 nanocomposites,and study the effect on TPU flame retardancy,smoke suppression and toxicity reduction.The results show that the peak heat release rate,the peak smoke generation rate,the total smoke yield,the peak value of CO generation rate and CO_(2) generation rate of TPU/NiPM-2.0 nanocomposites decrease by 25.5%,24.7%,21.7%.19.1%and 16.36%,respectively,compared with those of pure TPU.In addition,the char residues of TPU/NiPM-2.0 exhibit the most compact and highest graphitic degree.The improvements in flame retardancy and toxic fume suppression are due to the fact that on one hand,NiPM flame retardant has significant smoke suppression and toxicity reduction effect,and the formation of phosphorus-containing free radicals(e.g.PO·)can capture H·and HO·in the gas phase in order to interrupt combustion reaction;on the other hand,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) shows excellent physical barrier effect and partially oxidized titanium dioxide can further reduce heat transfer and toxic flue gas production.

关 键 词：含镍纳米阻燃剂 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU) 碳化钛(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)) 阻燃性能 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]