我国危险品道路运输事故生态环境损害鉴定评估与赔偿中存在的问题与建议  

Identification,Assessment and Compensation of Ecological and Environmental Damage Caused by Hazardous Material Transportation Accidents in China

作　　者：王泽贤 黄允豪 任峥 罗泽娇[4] WANG Zexian;HUANG Yunhao;REN Zheng;LUO Zejiao(School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Wuhan Yiyang Environment&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430200,China;Department of Ecology and Environment of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Key laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze Valley,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430078 [2]武汉一洋环保科技有限公司,湖北武汉430200 [3]湖北省生态环境厅,湖北武汉430072 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)长江流域环境水科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2022年第2期248-254,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1806804)。

摘　　要：危险品道路运输事故频频发生,由事故引发的次生生态环境污染严重。为了全面推动我国生态环境损害赔偿制度落地,对危险品道路运输事故造成的生态环境损害进行鉴定评估与赔偿尤为必要。通过梳理分析CNKI(中国知网)和Web of Science核心合集数据库的中英文文献,概括了危险品道路运输事故生态环境损害鉴定评估与赔偿中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了改进建议与对策。结果表明:我国危险品道路运输事故生态环境损害鉴定评估与赔偿的过程中主要存在事发突然生态环境损害易被忽略、事后生态环境损害评估内容难统一、赔偿责任主体难明确及赔偿资金较难落实、环境污染强制责任保险严重缺位等问题;未来我国还需要重视环境应急能力建设、加强评估人员对相关技术规范的理解与学习、明确事故赔偿责任主体、构造生态环境损害赔偿诉讼的管辖规则、推行环境污染强制责任保险制度等。Accidents of hazardous materials transportation occur frequently,which result in serious secondary ecological and environmental pollution.In order to comprehensively promote the implementation of compensation system of eco-environmental damage in China,it is particularly necessary to conduct identification,assessment and compensation of environmental damage caused by hazardous material transportation accidents.Based on the review of Chinese and English literature on CNKI and Web of Science,this paper summarizes the problems of identification,assessment and compensation of ecological and environmental damage caused by hazardous material transportation accidents and proposes countermeasures.It is illustrated that in the process of identification,assessment and compensation,there exist some major problems,such as the tendency to ignore the sudden eco-environmental damage,the difficulty in unifying the content of eco-environmental damage assessment after accidents,clarifying the subject of compensation liability and implementing the compensation funds,and the serious absence of compulsory liability insurance for environmental pollution.In the future,China should pay more attention to the construction of environmental emergency capacity,strengthen appraisers’understanding and learning of relevant technical specifications,clarify the subject of accident compensation liability,construct the jurisdiction rules of ecological and environmental damage compensation litigation,and implement the compulsory liability insurance system of environmental pollution.

关 键 词：危险品道路运输 生态环境损害 鉴定评估与赔偿 环境污染强制责任保险 

分 类 号：X327[环境科学与工程—环境工程]