多元现代性与“民主社会学”视野下的政治发展逻辑  

Multiple Modernities and the Logic of Political Development from the Perspective of “Sociology of Democracy”

作　　者：孙国东 SUN Guo-dong(Institute for Advanced Study in Sociai Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会科学高等研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期118-128,共11页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：复旦大学社会科学高等研究院2020年度主题项目“政治发展的理论与实践研究”。

摘　　要：当代政治发展理论,经历了从“政治系统”到“找回国家”、从“单一现代性”到“多元现代性”、从“宪法工程学”到“民主社会学”的理论转向。为了给非西方国家“接榫、吸纳、转化乃至超越”西方现代性提供充分的想象和探索空间,应秉持一种兼具整全性和规范性的多元现代性论说——其中,整全性和规范性分别确保了多元现代性的民族性特色和现代性底色。与此相适应的“民主社会学”主张:把政治秩序的社会情境依赖与社会共识基础结合起来,把握现代政治秩序的建构;把民主秩序的社会经济条件与社会文化条件相结合,把握现代民主秩序的运行。由此,现代政治发展主要包括国家建设、民主建构、社会正义和社会团结等四大基本议程。Contemporary political development theories have witnessed three theoretical turns. i.e., from “political system” to “bringing the state back in”, from “single modernity” to “multiple modernities”, and from “constitutional engineering” to “sociology of democracy”. In order to provide sufficient space of imagination and exploration for non-Western countries to “adapt, assimilate, transform and even surpass” Western modernity, we should uphold a multiple-modernities theory with comprehensive extensions and normative connotations – the former ensures the national uniqueness of multiple modernities, while the latter guarantees the modernity background of multiple modernities. “Sociology of democracy” compatible with this multiple modernities theory advocates combining the social contexts dependence of the political order with its foundations of social consensus to grasp the construction of the modern political order, and integrating the socio-economic conditions of the democratic order with its socio-cultural conditions to understand the operation of the modern democratic order. In consequence, modern political development mainly comprises four basic agendas: state-building, construction of democracy, social justice, and social solidarity.

关 键 词：多元现代性 民主社会学 国家建设 民主建构 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]