苦瓜枯萎病菌的产毒条件优化及发酵滤液特性  

Toxin-producing condition optimization,characterization and bioactivity of fermentation filtrate from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momordicae

作　　者：陈振东[1,2,3] 秦健 郭元元[1,3] 石延霞 谢学文[2] 柴阿丽 李宝聚[2] CHEN Zhendong;QIN Jian;GUO Yuanyuan;SHI Yanxia;XIE Xuewen;CHAI Ali;LI Baoju(Vegetable Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Guangxi Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding and New Technology Development,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院蔬菜研究所,南宁530007 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [3]广西蔬菜育种与新技术研究实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2022年第3期16-20,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(AA17204039);中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY18076007);广西科技基地和人才专项(AD16380055,AD17129042);广西农科院科技发展基金重点项目(2021YT101,2016JZ04);广西自然科学基金项目(2017GXNSFBA198192)。

摘　　要：为明确苦瓜枯萎病菌毒素产生的最佳发酵条件以及发酵滤液的特征特性,采用浸根法接种,研究病菌的产毒培养条件和发酵滤液的生物活性、稳定性等基本性质。结果表明,苦瓜枯萎病菌产毒的最适液体培养基、振荡培养时间、装液量分别为Czapek培养液、14 d、100 mL(250 mL三角瓶);病菌毒素发酵滤液对紫外光(36μW·cm^(-2))、太阳光(2800~10000 lx)、高温高压(121℃,0.11 MPa)、强碱(pH 12)和强酸(pH 3)稳定性好,致萎指数分别为95.83%、97.22%、97.22%、95.83%和91.67%。病菌毒素发酵滤液对黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、冬瓜、瓠瓜和丝瓜等葫芦科蔬菜作物幼苗生长均有致萎作用。综上所述,苦瓜枯萎病菌毒素具有较好的稳定性,且对瓜类作物具有普遍的致萎作用。In order to determine the best toxin-producing condition,characteristics and biological activity of fermentation filtrate from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momordicae(FOM)strain,we screened the culture medium of toxin production of FOM with the root-dipping method,investigated the basic properties such as bioactivity and stability of fermentation filtrate.The results showed that the optimal liquid medium,vibration culture time and liquid medium loading volume for toxin-producing were Czapek medium,14 d and 100 mL liquid medium in 250 mL conical flask,respectively.The toxin fermentation filtrates were stable to ultraviolet(36μW·cm^(-2)),sunlight(2800-10000 lx),high temperature and high pressure(121℃,0.11 MPa),strong alkali(pH 12)and strong acid(pH 3),and the wilting indexes were 95.83%,97.22%,97.22%,95.83%,91.67%,respectively.The toxin fermentation filtrate also caused wilt on other cucurbits seedlings,including cucumber,melon,watermelon,wax gourd,bottle gourd and loofah.In conclusion,the toxin of FOM had good stability and caused wilting on cucurbit crops.

关 键 词：苦瓜枯萎病菌 毒素 发酵滤液 生物活性 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]