不同浓度含氨基酸水溶肥对小果型西瓜根际土壤环境及果实品质的影响  

Effects of amino acid concentration in water-soluble fertilizer on the rhizosphere soil environment and quality of small fruit watermelon

作　　者：徐国益 贾凤芹 王平勇 于会丽[1] 邵微[1,3] 谢宁 徐志红 司鹏[1] XU Guoyi;JIA Fengqin;WANG Pingyong;YU Huili;SHAO Wei;XIE Ning;XU Zhihong;SI Peng(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,Henan,China;College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]河南科技学院,河南新乡453003 [3]河南农业大学林学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2022年第3期36-42,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：河南省现代农业产业技术体系项目;中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI);南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2021DB013);郑州市科技惠民计划项目(2020kjhm0034)。

摘　　要：为进一步研究含氨基酸水溶肥对西瓜根际微生物群落的作用,通过大田试验分析不同浓度含氨基酸水溶肥(氨基酸含量(ρ,后同)≥100 g·L^(-1),钙+镁含量≥30 g·L^(-1),试验共分4个处理,CK:传统均衡型水溶肥;T1:含氨基酸水溶肥浓度(w,后同)为0.200%;T2:含氨基酸水溶肥浓度为0.125%;T3:含氨基酸水溶肥浓度为0.100%)对小果型西瓜根际土壤环境及果实品质的影响。结果表明,各处理根际土壤微生物活力、群落功能多样性指数、6大类碳源的利用强度均高于对照。微生物碳源利用偏好被改变,其中T2对各种碳源的利用较为均衡。与对照相比,各含氨基酸水溶肥处理土壤酶活性均有提高,且蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照。各处理单果质量比对照提高7.78%~34.73%。T2维生素C含量最高,分别比其他处理提高27.17%~76.00%。T1、T2可溶性糖含量显著高于CK。综合分析,含氨基酸水溶肥浓度为0.125%的处理在改善植物根际土壤微生物功能多样性、提高土壤酶活性、改善果实品质上效果最佳。Field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of amino acid concentration in water-soluble fertilizer on the rhizosphere soil environment and quality of small fruit watermelon.The experiment included four treatments,CK,the conventional fertilization;T1,0.200%amino acid in water-soluble fertilizer;T2:0.125%amino acid in water-soluble fertilizer;T3,0.100%amino acid in water-soluble fertilizer.The results showed that microbial activity of rhizosphere soil in all three amino acid treatments was higher than that of the CK.The Shannon,Simpson and Pielou indexes of microbial community functional diversity in all treatments were also significantly higher than those of CK.The utilization intensity of the six types of carbon sources by the microorganisms in each treatment was higher than that of the CK,and the preference for the use of microbial carbon sources was changed by adding amino acid in water-soluble fertilizer.More balanced utilization of various carbon sources was observed with T2 treatment.The soil enzyme activities of all treatments were improved,and the activities of invertase,β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher than those of the control.The fruit weight of the treatment was 7.78%-34.73%higher than that of CK.T2 had the highest vitamin C content,27.17%-76.00%higher than other treatments.The soluble solids content of T1 and T2 was significantly higher than that of CK.Based on all the results of this experiment the treatment containing 0.125%amino acid in water-soluble fertilizer best improved rhizosphere soil microbial functional diversity,increased soil enzyme activity and improved fruit quality.

关 键 词：小果型西瓜 含氨基酸水溶肥 微生物功能多样性 土壤酶活性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]