不同粒径岩屑抗剪性能及水孔填塞效果研究  

Study on shear performance of debris with different particle size and water holes stemming

作　　者：张智宇[1,2] 张全龙 曾继鹏 李卓 黄永辉[5] ZHANG Zhi-yu;ZHANG Quan-long;ZENG Ji-peng;LI Zhuo;HUANG Yong-hui(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sino-German Blue Mining and Utilization of Special Underground Space,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Hualian Zinc and Indium Co.,Ltd.,Wenshan 663700,Yunnan,China;Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;School of Electric Power Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学云南省中-德蓝色矿山与特殊地下空间开发利用重点实验室,昆明650093 [3]云南华联锌铟股份有限公司,云南文山663700 [4]昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院,昆明650093 [5]昆明理工大学电力工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《工程爆破》2022年第1期54-62,共9页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52064025)。

摘　　要：针对云南华联锌铟股份有限公司矿山采矿大孔径露天台阶深孔爆破中的水孔填塞质量及冲孔问题,通过炮孔填塞基础理论、岩屑颗粒抗剪性能基础力学实验、矿山生产现场爆破漏斗实验等方法,对矿山大理岩岩屑颗粒粒径对填塞体的力学性能和填塞质量影响开展了一系列研究,分别构建了爆破漏斗体积及爆破漏斗半径随填塞料粒径大小数学表达式。研究结果表明:粒径大于0.5 mm的牙轮钻岩屑颗粒占比较高区域集中在岩屑堆短边0.2~0.7 m、长边0.2~1.2 m范围内;水孔填塞效果判定的主要力学参数为岩屑颗粒抗剪性能,随着岩屑颗粒粒径的增加内摩擦角呈现增大趋势,黏聚力则明显下降,可认为是无黏性颗粒堆积体;爆破漏斗体积及半径随粒径增长呈现指数的先增长后稳定的变化趋势,最佳填塞料粒径区间为1~3 mm。经现场生产实验,冲孔率由27%降低至4.6%,大块率下降了8%,故一定粒径范围的岩屑颗粒能很好地解决露天水孔填塞爆破效果问题。该研究结果不仅对水孔填塞理论进行了补充和完善,还为水孔填塞技术设计提供了依据。Aiming at the problems of water hole stemming quality and blasting punching in the deep hole blasting of the large-diameter open-pit bench in Yunnan Hualian zinc indium Co.,Ltd.,the effects of particle size on the rock debris mechanical properties and stemming quality were studied by means of the basic theory of hole stemming,the basic mechanical experiment of debris particles shear performance and the crater blasting test in the mine production site.The results show three things.First,the rock debris with particle size larger than 0.5 mm occupy a relatively high proportion in the range of 0.2-0.7 m on the short side and 0.2-1.2 m on the long side of the muck pile.Second,the main mechanical parameter to judge the water hole stemming effect is the shear resistance of rock debris,and the internal friction angle increases with the increase of rock debris particle size,while the cohesion decreases significantly,which can be considered as the accumulation of non viscous particles.Third,the volume and radius of blast crater show an exponential growth trend with the particle size growth,and the best stemming material particle size range is 1-3 mm.The field production test results show that the blasting punching rate is reduced from 27%to 4.6%,and the large block rate is reduced by 8%.A certain sized debris particles can solve the problem of stemming in water holes.The research results not only improve the water hole stemming theory,but also provide the basis for the design of water hole stemming technology.

关 键 词：水孔爆破 岩屑粒径 抗剪性能 填塞效果 爆破漏斗 冲孔率 大块率 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]