不同类型护坡对降雨径流中污染物的削减效果分析  

Analysis on reduction effect of different types of slope protection on pollutants in rainfall runoff

作　　者：王岩[1] 张迎颖[1] 张志勇[1] 徐佳兵 闻学政[1] 刘海琴[1] 宋雪飞 郭文景 周庆[1] WANG Yan;ZHANG Yingying;ZHANG Zhiyong;XU Jiabing;WEN Xuezheng;LIU Haiqin;SONG Xuefei;GUO Wenjing;ZHOU Qing(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agricultural Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Qianhuang Water Station,Wujin District of Changzhou City,Changzhou 213172,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室/国家农业科学农业环境六合观测实验站,江苏南京210014 [2]常州市武进区前黄水利(务)站,江苏常州213172

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2022年第2期315-322,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(19)1007];国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202004)。

摘　　要：[目的]本试验旨在研究不同类型护坡对降雨径流中污染物的削减效果差异。[方法]设置4种类型的护坡(网面护坡、砖面护坡、草面护坡和土面护坡),采用人工进水方式,开展为期15 d的护坡处理降雨径流中试试验。试验于不同时段采集底部出水,监测氮[总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)]、磷[总磷(TP)、颗粒态磷(PP)]、化学需氧量(COD)、总悬浮物(TSS)等指标。[结果]砖面护坡对径流中PP、TP、NH_(4)^(+)-N、COD和TSS的削减效果较好,削减率分别为89.28%、62.87%、74.28%、56.48%和85.00%;网面护坡对径流中NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN的削减效果较好,削减率分别为29.24%和38.29%。通过Z_(i)分综合评价方法计算后发现,砖面护坡对污染物削减效果优于其他护坡。砖面和网面护坡的植物和护坡表面构筑物,可以起到延缓径流流速、延长水力停留时间的作用。[结论]砖面护坡对污染物的削减优势源于其对颗粒物及其结合污染物的有效拦截;网面护坡对硝态氮和总氮的削减优势,可能源于其较好的微生物生存环境。[Objectives]The purpose of this experiment was to study the reduction effect of different types of slope protection on the pollutants in rainfall runoff.[Methods]Four types of slope protection,i.e.slope protection with soil,grass and net(SSGN),slope protection with soil,grass and brick(SSGB),slope protection with soil and grass(SSG),slope protection with soil(SS)were set,and a 15 days pilot test with artificial water inflow of treating by four types of slope protection was carried out.The bottom effluent was collected at different times to monitor nitrogen[total nitrogen(TN),ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)],phosphorus[total phosphorus(TP),particulate phosphorus(PP)],chemical oxygen demand(COD)and total suspended solids(TSS).[Results]The treatment effect of SSGB on PP,TP,NH_(4)^(+)-N,COD and TSS in runoff were more effective,and the reduction rates were 89.28%,62.87%,74.28%,56.48%and 85.00%,respectively.The treatment effect of SSGN on NO_(3)^(-)-N and TN in runoff were more effective,and the reduction rates were 29.24%and 38.29%,respectively.Through the calculation of Z_(i)-score comprehensive evaluation method,it was found that the pollutant reduction effect of SSGB was better than the other slope protection.The existence of plants and slope protection bricks on SSGB and SSGN could delay the runoff velocity and prolong the hydraulic retention time.[Conclusions]The advantage of SSGB on pollutants removal came from its effective interception of particulate matter and other combined pollutants;the advantage of SSGN on nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen removal might be due to its better microbial living environment.

关 键 词：护坡 水力停留时间 雨水径流 污染物 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]