中巴喀喇昆仑公路冰川泥石流  

Glacier Debris Flow along China-Pakistan International Karakoram Highway(KKH)

作　　者：朱颖彦 潘军宇[1,2,3] 李朝月 杨志全 廖丽萍 MUHAMMAD Waseem[6] ZHU Yingyan;PAN Junyu;LI Chaoyue;YANG Zhiquan;LIAO Liping;MUHAMMAD Waseem(Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Key Laboratory of Geological Disaster Risk Prevention and Control and Emergency Disaster Reduction of Ministry of Emergency Management of the People s Republic of China,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Key Laboratory of Early Rapid Identification,Prevention and Control of Geological Diseases in Traffic Corridor of High Intensity Earthquake Mountainous Area of Yunnan Province,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;Department of Civil Engineering Peshawar Campus,University of Engineering and Technology,Peshawar 25000,Pakistan)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院,昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学应急管理部地质灾害风险防控与应急减灾重点实验室,昆明650093 [3]昆明理工大学云南省高校高烈度地震山区交通走廊工程地质病害早期快速判识与防控重点实验室,昆明650093 [4]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [5]广西大学土木建筑工程学院,南宁530004 [6]白沙瓦工程与技术大学,白沙瓦巴基斯坦25000

出　　处：《山地学报》2022年第1期71-83,共13页Mountain Research

基　　金：交通部西部交通建设科技项目(200831822156);国家自然科学基金(41071058);云南省万人计划“青年拔尖人才”专项(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-321)。

摘　　要：中巴公路北段穿越的西喀喇昆仑—喜马拉雅地区,高海拔冰川地貌与低海拔干热河谷地貌相邻丛生,在季风气候、丰沛的夏季降雪、悬殊的地形落差、频繁的地震、局地冰川运动和极端降雨等众多环境因素影响下,冰川泥石流极端发育,造成了中巴公路是世界最险峻的高原公路。然而,由于地缘政治与交通困难等原因,中巴公路冰川泥石流的专题研究几乎空白。基于十多年野外工作与历史文献分析,本研究对中巴喀喇昆仑公路冰川泥石流进行了全面分析总结。结果表明:(1)中巴公路冰川泥石流按海拔分布与成因,可分为冰川(积雪)消融型泥石流、冰崩雪崩型泥石流和冰湖溃决型泥石流三类;(2)泥石流的分布总体可划分为降雨泥石流带与冰川泥石流带。冰川泥石流带可细分为冰川降雨混合型泥石流带、冰川—冰湖溃决泥石流带、冻融泥石流带;(3)中巴公路泥石流的活跃状况在短期不会改变,甚至有可能当外部条件突变,如极端降雨,泥石流灾害会规模化爆发;(4)中巴公路应加强泥石流防治,尤其是帕苏冰川群,固加尔帕冰川群一带的泥石流沟,例如K676+450固尔金冰川、K677+660固加尔帕冰川等大型冰川补给型泥石流,应考虑工程设防。本文将为中巴公路沿线冰川泥石流灾害研究提供本底认识,将为区域自然灾害研究提供基础性数据支撑。China-Pakistan international Karakoram Highway(KKH)was built through the west Karakoram-Himalayan region,where distinct landscape feature in valley floors,separating glacier landform at high upslope and peaks from arid-semiarid climate at low valley.The geo-environment of highway is characterized by its regional monsoon climate,summer accumulated snow precipitation,extremes of precipitous valley relief,frequent earthquakes,valley-localized glacier movements and tracts of extreme storms,which makes KKH suffered from heavy geohazards and markedly as one of the most dangerous plateau highway in the world.Regrettably,due to geopolitics blockade and traffic inaccessibility,there was almost no special scientific investigation into the glacier debris flow along the Highway.Based on more than ten years of field work and historical literature review,this study comprehensively analyzed and outlined the behaviors of glacier debris flows in the Highway.It found following facts:(1)Glacier debris flow along the Highway could be grouped into three types in terms of altitudes and genesis,namely glacier(snow)melting debris flow,ice avalanche debris flow and ice lake outburst debris flow;(2)The distribution of glacier debris flow could be zoned in line with varied positions of altitudes,roughly,rainfall debris flow zone and glacier debris flow zone.Glacier debris flow zones could be subdivided into glacier-rainfall mixed debris flow zones,glacier lake outburst debris flow zones,and freeze-thaw debris flow zones;(3)The active status of the glacier debris flow would not change in the short term,but it is quite possible that in case external conditions change abruptly,such as extreme rainfall,debris flow disasters would erupt on a large scale at irregular intervals,posing great threats to the safety of KKH,and would get worse in case of localized storm attacking the Highway;(4)It is imperative to take steps toward engineered control and prevention of glacial debris flow along the Highway.Close attention should be primarily paid to th

关 键 词：中巴喀喇昆仑公路 冰川泥石流 冰川 分布 机制 

分 类 号：P954[天文地球—自然地理学] P694