基于地形梯度的雅鲁藏布江流域土地利用及景观格局分析  被引量:13

Land Use/cover and Landscape Patterns Based on Terrain in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin,China

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作  者:李佩君 左德鹏[1,2] 徐宗学 高晓曦[1,2] LI Peijun;ZUO Depeng;XU Zongxue;GAO Xiaoxi(College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Shanghai Water Conservancy Management Center,Shanghai 200002,China)

机构地区:[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [3]上海市水利管理事务中心,上海200002

出  处:《山地学报》2022年第1期136-150,共15页Mountain Research

基  金:国家自然科学基金(9164720019);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1502703);北京市自然科学基金(8202030)。

摘  要:研究不同地形梯度下高寒山区土地利用演变和景观破碎化,是对生态脆弱区保护与恢复精准施策的基础。雅鲁藏布江流域空间异质性明显,但现有研究多集中在子流域尺度,缺少像元尺度的深度探讨,无法对流域精细化管理提供足够的数据支持。本文选取高程、坡度、地形起伏度3个地形要素,分析1980—2015年雅鲁藏布江流域土地利用/覆被时空分布特征,并借助分布指数计算各地类在不同地形分级的优势度,基于冗余分析定量计算地形要素与景观格局指数相关关系。结果表明:(1)流域近30年土地利用/覆被结构变化较小,但空间异质性明显。草地为主要土地利用/覆被类型,林地和永久性冰川积雪大部分位于下游地区,耕地与城乡用地分布集中于中游;(2)自上游至下游平均海拔逐渐降低,坡度、地形起伏度逐渐增大。耕地、水体、城乡用地对地形要素依赖性最强,林地、未利用地、永久冰川积雪适应性较强。3000~4000 m高程带、6°~15°坡度带、小起伏山地带是由人类活动频繁区向自然生态系统的过渡带,可作为土地利用变异转折点;(3)由上游至下游景观格局破碎化程度逐渐增大、景观多样性逐渐提高。高程与景观聚集度呈较弱负相关关系。坡度和地形起伏度与景观聚集程度呈明显负相关,与景观丰富程度呈正相关。本研究可为不同地形梯度下生态脆弱区研究与保护提供科学依据,也可为高寒流域土地利用/覆被规划与保护及综合开发利用精准施策、一地一策提供理论基础。A fine understanding of land-use pattern evolution and landscape fragmentation in alpine mountainous areas under different terrain gradients is of great importance to implement targeted protection and restoration strategies in ecological fragile areas,especially in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin(YTRB),which has pronounced spatial heterogeneity.Past studies concerned more on sub-basin scale in YTRB,but little attention was paid to pixel scale,which could not provide sufficient data support for targeted measures across the basin.In this study,three indexes,including elevation,slope and relief amplitude,which can reveal the dominant effect of land-use types under different terrain gradients by Distribution Index,were selected to analyze land use/cover pattern characteristics in the YTRB from 1980 to 2015.Redundancy analysis(RDA)was used in correlation analysis between terrain factors and six landscape indices,which was aimed to further explore the spatial constraints of terrain gradients on land use/cover structure and landscape pattern in the YTRB.The results show that:(1)Although land use/cover structure in YTRB generally have kept unchanged for the past 30 years,the heterogeneity in space was evident.Grassland was main land use/cover type,forest land and permanent glacier snow were mostly located in lower reaches,and cultivated land and built-up areas were concentrated in middle reaches;(2)Average elevation gradually decreased from upstream to downstream,whereas the slope and relief amplitude increased accordingly.Cultivated land,water body and built-up areas had the strongest dependence on terrain factor.Forest land,unused land and permanent glacier snow had strong adaptability on terrain factor.The 3000~4000 m of elevation zone,6°~15°of slope zone and small undulating mountain zone were transition zones from areas of high human activities to natural ecosystems,which can be taken as the turning points of land-use variation;(3)The degree of landscape fragmentation gradually increased from upstream to downstrea

关 键 词:土地利用/覆被 景观指数 地形要素 分布指数 冗余分析 雅鲁藏布江 

分 类 号:P901[天文地球—自然地理学]

 

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