氟硅烷改性聚丁二烯型聚氨酯水声透声橡胶的制备与性能  

Preparation and Properties of Underwater Acoustically Transparent Polybutadiene-Based Polyurethane Modified by Fluorosilicone

作　　者：李芝华[1] 张译丹 沈玉婷 顾晓红 高远 李珺杰 陆小祥 Zhihua Li;Yidan Zhang;Yuting Shen;Xiaohong Gu;Yuan Gao;Junjie Li;Xiaoxiang Lu(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Haiying Enterprise Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi 214061,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]海鹰企业集团有限责任公司,江苏无锡214061

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2021年第12期9-16,共8页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

摘　　要：以端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、羟基氟硅油(FSO)和2,4-二氨基-3,5-二甲硫基甲苯(E-300)为原料,采用两步法设计合成了一系列氟硅烷改性聚丁二烯型聚氨酯水声透声材料(FSPU)。运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热失重分析、水接触角测试、吸水率测试、动态力学热分析、力学性能测试和透声性能测试等对改性聚氨酯的结构和性能进行了表征,探究了氟硅烷的含量对聚氨酯性能的影响。结果表明,FSPU的特性声阻抗与海水十分匹配。随着FSO含量增加,FSPU的水接触角逐渐升高,吸水率逐渐降低。当羟基氟硅油质量分数为50%时,FSPU-50的水接触角和吸水率分别为103.3°和0.4%,比纯聚氨酯分别提高了37.5%和降低了66.7%。同时,聚丁二烯型聚氨酯与氟硅烷的相容性较好,FSPUs的玻璃化转变温度在-47℃左右,具有良好的耐低温性能,可以满足水下工作的各项性能要求。A series of fluorosilicone-modified polybutadiene polyurethanes(FSPU)were successfully synthesized with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB),toluene diisocyanate(TDI),hydroxyl fluorosilicone oil(FSO)and 2,4-diamino-3,5-dimethylthiotoluene(E-300)by two-step method.The structures of obtained materials were confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR).The water resistance and acoustic properties of FSPUs were tested by water contact angle measurement,water absorption test,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)and sound field measurement.Meanwhile,the mechanical properties and thermal stability were studied by universal material testing machine and thermal gravity analysis(TGA).It is found that the characteristic acoustic impedance of FSPUs matches with seawater better with increasing FSO.The insertion loss of FSPU-50 at 550 kHz is only 123.5 dB/m,which is 15.6%lower than that of pure polyurethane(PU).It is also observed that the water contact angle of FSPUs gradually increases and the water absorption rate gradually decreases with the increase of FSO content.When the mass fraction of FSO is 50%,the water contact angle of FSPU-50 is 103.3°and the water absorption is 0.4%,which are increased by 37.5%and decreased by 66.7%,respectively,compared with PU.Moreover,the results of SEM and DMA show that polybutadiene-based polyurethane performs good compatibility with FSO.In addition,the glass transition temperature(Tg)of FSPUs is decreased to around-47℃.The low Tg contributes to low-temperature resistance,which helps FSPU meet the requirements of underwater working environment.In conclusion,these results demonstrate that FSPU is an ideal acoustically transparent material and holds great potential in fields of underwater sonar systems,submarine acoustic windows and submarine oil exploration.

关 键 词：改性聚氨酯 水声透声材料 聚丁二烯多元醇 氟硅烷 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]