长江水质综合评价及污染源确定方法研究  

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Quality and Determination of Pollution Sources in the Yangtze River

作　　者：邱居华 吕康玄 QIU Juhua;LYU Kangxuan(Three Gorges University(Hubei)Design Consulting Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443002,China;CCCC Second Navigation Engineering Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学(湖北)设计咨询研究院有限责任公司,湖北宜昌443002 [2]中交第二航务工程勘察设计院有限公司,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《西北水电》2022年第1期28-32,共5页Northwest Hydropower

摘　　要：长江是中国第一大河,是我国重要的生态安全屏障区。如何对长江水质与污染源进行合理评价与判断,是我国河流生态环境治理与防控的重要环节。本文聚焦于探讨模糊数学方法在水质评价中的应用、同时对污染源做出判断。首先利用模糊数学的概念,建立了长江水质模糊综合评价模型。接着基于一维水质模型对污染源进行了排查,利用长江干流7个观测站点将长江分为6个江段,通过污染物与降解系数的衰减变化关系建立微分方程,得到指数函数求出上游对下游的影响量,再对6个污染源近1 a所排放的污染物求均值,从而构建了长江水质污染源判别模型。通过上述模型,判断各地区水质的污染状况为:岳阳城陵矶<长沙<岳阳岳阳楼<朱沱<宜昌<宜宾<丹江口<扬州<九江蛤蟆石<九江河西水厂<攀枝花<安庆<泸州<武汉<乐山<南昌<南京。同时分析得出湖北宜昌与湖南岳阳之间污染物增加最多。该模型结果与后期观测结果较为接近,可为工程应用提供数据支撑与理论基础。The Yangtze River is the largest river in China which forms an important ecological safety curtain area in China.How to reasonably evaluate and judge the water quality and pollution sources of the Yangtze River is an important part of river ecological environmental management and pollution prevention&control.This paper focuses on discussing the application of fuzzy mathematics in water quality evaluation,and at the same time making judgments on pollution sources.Firstly,using the concept of fuzzy mathematics,a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of water quality in the Yangtze River is established.Then,based on the one-dimensional water quality model,the pollution sources were investigated,and the Yangtze River was divided into 6 river sections based on the 7 observation stations on the main stream of the Yangtze River.The differential equation was established through the attenuation relationship between pollutants and the degradation coefficient,and the exponential function was obtained to calculate the influencing quantity of the upstream reach on the downstream reach.Then the average value of the pollutants emitted by the six pollution sources in the past year was calculated to construct the water quality pollution source discrimination model of the Yangtze River.Through the above-mentioned models,the pollution status of water quality in various regions was judged as follows:Yueyang Chenglingji<Changsha<Yueyang Tower in Yueyang<Zhu Tuo<Yichang<Yibin<Danjiangkou<Yangzhou<Hamashi in Jiujiang<Hexi Water Plant in Jiujiang<Panzhihua<Anqing<Luzhou<Wuhan<Leshan<Nanchang<Nanjing.Meanwhile,the analysis showed that the pollutants increased the most in the river reach between Yichang,Hubei and Yueyang,Hunan.The results derived from the models are close to the later observation results,which can provide data support and theoretical basis for engineering applications.

关 键 词：模糊综合评价模型 水质模型 水质评价 污染源确定 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]