高效GMAW潜弧焊电弧特性数值分析  

Numerical Analysis of Arc Characteristics of Efficient GMAW BuriedArc Welding

作　　者：侯英杰 樊丁[1,2] 黄健康[1,2] HOU Yingjie;FAN Ding;HUANG Jiankang(Lanzhou University of Technology,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Lanzhou 730050,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《电焊机》2022年第3期11-19,共9页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775256)。

摘　　要：GMAW潜弧焊有着极其出色的焊接效率,在500 A大电流下,较大的电弧力使电弧排开熔池液态金属形成潜弧空腔,配合50 m/min的送丝速度和60 cm/min的焊接速度,焊丝稳定深入到该空腔内形成潜弧形态,显著提高电弧能量利用率,可将20 mm厚开坡口的钢板单道焊透。但是利用实验手段很难观察到潜弧空腔中的电弧及熔滴过渡行为,因此基于磁流体力学理论尝试采用数值模拟手段建立电弧数学模型,来研究GMAW潜弧焊独特的电弧特性。结果表明:相比于普通GMAW焊接钟罩型的电弧形态,GMAW潜弧焊的电弧在焊丝端部更加扩展,有爬弧现象;潜弧空腔中产生的大量金属蒸气改变了电弧氛围从而改变了电弧形态并显著降低了电弧温度;外加轴向磁场对电弧形态也有很大影响,母材上方的电弧出现低温空腔。GMAW buried-arc welding has excellent welding efficiency.Under the current of 500 A,the larger arc force makes the arc repel the liquid metal in the molten pool to form a buried arc cavity.With the wire feedrate of 50 m/min and the welding speed of 60 cm/min,the welding wire stably penetrates into the cavity to form a buried arc,which significantly improves the arc energy utilization rate and and completes the single-pass welding of 20 mm thick steel plate with a groove.However,it is difficult to observe the arc and metal transfer behavior in buried arc cavity by experimental means.Therefore,based on the theory of magnetohydrodynamics,a mathematical model of arc is established by using numerical simulation to study the unique arc characteristics of GMAW buried-arc welding.The results show that:Compared with the bell jar shaped arc of ordinary GMAW welding,the arc of high current GMAW buried-arc welding is more extended at the end of the welding wire,with arc climbing phenomenon;a large amount of metal vapor generated in the buried arc cavity changes the arc atmosphere and thus changing the arc shape and significantly reducing the arc temperature;the external axial magnetic field also has a great influence on the arc shape,and the arc above the base metal has a low temperature cavity.

关 键 词：GMAW潜弧焊 金属蒸气 外加磁场 数值模拟 高效焊接 

分 类 号：TG444.74[金属学及工艺—焊接]