中国洞穴鱼类濒危等级评估--以两种国家重点保护鱼类为例  

Assessment of endangerment category on Chinese cavefish:A case study of two national protected fish species

作　　者：赵阳[1] 张媛媛[2] 赵亚辉[1] ZHAO Yang;ZHANG Yuanyuan;ZHAO Yahui(Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution/Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies/Beijing Zoo,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所/中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]北京动物园/圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2021年第6期1032-1037,共6页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“中国洞穴鱼类分类与物种多样性”(NSFC-31972868)。

摘　　要：世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)物种红色名录是全球范围使用的有效评估物种灭绝风险状况的正式标准,但对于洞穴鱼类评估在实际操作层面仍面临很大挑战。文章回顾了中国洞穴鱼类的现状以及红色名录评估体系对洞穴鱼类评估存在的问题。基于IUCN红色名录濒危评估体系,根据物种分布范围、受威胁因素和物种生活特性等,构建了中国洞穴鱼类濒危等级评估方法。同时选择两种国家重点保护鱼类--小眼金线鲃和无眼金线鲃作为评估范例,在实地调查结果的基础上对两种洞穴鱼类濒危等级进行重新评估。结果显示,小眼金线鲃评估等级为濒危(EN),无眼金线鲃为极危等级(CR),对比《IUCN红色名录》等评估结果,濒危等级均上升。建立适当的洞穴鱼类保护区或单一分布洞穴的封闭等手段,将能发挥重要的保护效果。The International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List of Threatened Species is a for⁃mal standard used globally to effectively assess the risk status of species extinction.However,an assessment on cavefish with this standard still faces great challenges at the practical level.This article reviews the current status of cavefish in China and the problems of the Red List evaluation system for cavefish assessment.On the basis of the distribution ranges,threatening factors,and life history of cavefish,we construct an assessment method for cave⁃fish based on the Red List categories and criteria.According to the assessment system we have built and the data from our field investigation,we also reassess the status of two national protected fish species(Sinocyclocheilus mi⁃crophthalmus and S.anophthalmus).The results show that the evaluation grades of both species are respectively"endangered(EN)"and"critically endangered(CR)".Compared with the evaluation results of IUCN Red List and of other studies,both endangered grades of these two species have increased.A proper reserve or restriction of a single-distributed cave will play a key role for the conservation of cavefish.

关 键 词：红色名录 评估标准 洞穴生物 生物保护 中国 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]