不同产地黄精的皂苷和多糖含量  

Saponins and Polysaccharides Content of Polygonatum sibiricum from Different Origins

作　　者：钱华丽 赵琪[2] 徐哲 朱新焰[2] 张磊 董家红 董鲜 季鹏章 QIAN Huali;ZHAO Qi;XU Zhe;ZHU Xinyan;ZHANG Lei;DONG Jiahong;DONG Xian;JI Pengzhang(School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resource,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming,Yunnan 650500;Institute of Medicine Plants,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650200,China)

机构地区：[1]云南中医药大学中药学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650200

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第3期96-102,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“滇黄精多糖代谢关键酶基因及其调控糖积累的机制研究”(31760347);云南中医药大学高层次人才科学研究项目“滇产珍稀道地中药材优良品种选育研究”(30270104868);云南省科学技术厅云南中医药大学应用基础研究联合专项重点项目“环境胁迫下滇黄精多糖合成关键酶代谢调控的分子机制研究”(30272110080);云南省创新人才培养项目(2018HB085)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同产地黄精的皂苷和多糖成分多样性,为利用化学成分挖掘黄精特异资源提供参考依据。【方法】以不同产地的7种黄精为研究对象,采用紫外分光光度法测定其不同部位皂苷和多糖含量,并对黄精的2种化学成分及其药用价值进行比较分析。【结果】药用部位皂苷含量为1.82%~6.49%,均值为3.23%;楚雄州武定县插甸镇、大理州永平县杉阳镇和曲靖市沾益区盘江镇的黄精皂苷含量较高,分别为6.49%、6.21%和5.84%。多糖含量为7.48%~15.23%,均值为10.29%;临沧市云县爱华镇、楚雄州武定县插甸镇和临沧市临翔区蚂蚁堆乡的黄精多糖含量较高,分别为15.23%、13.59%和12.90%。皂苷和多糖的相对标准偏差均以滇黄精最大,分别为43.25%和19.26%。非药用部位茎秆和叶片的平均皂苷含量分别为1.06%和0.19%;多糖含量分别为1.32%和3.64%。【结论】不同产地不同种间、同一种内黄精的化学成分差异较大。其中,楚雄、大理、临沧等地的黄精多糖和皂苷含量较高,滇黄精的多糖和皂苷相对标准偏差大,物种多样性较高,可在适生区大力发展黄精种植。【Objective】To explore the diversity of saponins and polysaccharides of Polygonatum sibiricum from different origins,and to provide a reference for using chemical composition to excavate special resources of yellow essence.【Method】By ultraviolet spectrophotometry,seven kinds of P.sibiricum from different origins were used to determine the content of saponins and polysaccharides in different parts,and two chemical components of P.sibiricum as well as their medicinal value were comparatively analyzed.【Results】The content of saponins was 1.82% to 6.49%,and the mean value was 3.23%.The saponin contents of yellow essence from Chadian Town,Wuding County of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Shanyang Town,Yongping County of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture,and Panjiang Town,Zhanyi District of Qujing City are relative high,which are respectively 6.49%,6.21% and 5.84%.The polysaccharides content is 7.48%~15.23%,and the mean value is 10.29%.The polysaccharides contents of P.sibiricum from Aihua Town,Yun County of Lincang City,Chadian Town,Wudian County of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture,and Mayidui Township,Linxiang District of Lincang City are 15.23%,13.59% and 12.90%,respectively.The relative standard deviation of saponins and polysaccharides of P.kingianum are the biggest,which are separately 43.25% and 19.26%.Mean contents of saponins in non-medicinal stem and leaf of P.sibiricum are 1.06% and 0.19%,while that of polysaccharides are 1.32% and 3.64%.【Conclusion】The chemical compositions of the same species or different species from different origins are various.The content of polysaccharide and saponin in Chuxiong,Dali,Lincang and other areas is high.The relative standard deviations of polysaccharide and saponin of P.kingianum are both large,and the species are diversity,so P.kingianum should be vigorously cultivated in suitable areas.

关 键 词：黄精 产地 品种 皂苷 多糖 

分 类 号：S567.23[农业科学—中草药栽培]