江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落及其防控技术调查:以12个基地为例  

Weed Community Structure and Its Prevention and Control Technology in the“Rice-Crayfish”Integrated Farming Fields in Jiangsu:A Case Study with 12 Planting Bases

作　　者：陈国奇 窦志 邢志鹏[1] 郭保卫[1] CHEN Guoqi;DOU Zhi;XING Zhipeng;GUO Baowei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国稻米》2022年第2期69-72,共4页China Rice

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018355);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300804);江苏省高校重点学术计划开发项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：为揭示江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落结构和农户杂草防控措施现状,对灌南、盐都、盱眙、高邮、广陵、溧阳、常熟等7个地方12个稻虾综合种养基地开展田间调查和农户访谈。结果表明,在120块稻虾田内共记录到25种杂草;稻虾轮作田禾本科杂草和千金子的优势度显著高于稻虾共生田。稻虾轮作稻田杂草以稗属杂草、杂草稻、千金子、李氏禾、异型莎草、水苋菜属杂草、鸭舌草为主;稻虾共生稻田杂草以杂草稻、稗属杂草、千金子、异型莎草为主。除有机栽培模式外,稻虾轮作稻田控草方式为“土壤处理+茎叶处理+人工拔除”,稻田杂草防控总用药和人工成本平均1863.75元/hm^(2)。稻虾共生稻田控草技术主要为“水层控草+龙虾控草+人工拔除”,部分稻田使用丙草胺、苄嘧磺隆等土壤处理除草剂,稻田杂草防控总成本平均907.50元/hm^(2)。In order to reveal the structure of weed community in the“rice-crayfish”integrated farming fields and the current status of farmers’weed control measures in Jiangsu,we conducted field surveys and interviews with farmers in 12 integrated rice-shrimp farming bases in 7 places,including Guannan,Yandu,Xuyi,Gaoyou,Guangling,Liyang,and Changshu.The results showed that total 25 weed species were found in 120 rice-shrimp farming fields,and the dominance of gramineous weeds and Leptochloa chinensis in rice-shrimp rotation fields was significantly higher than that of rice-shrimp symbiosis fields.Principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp rotation fields included Echinochloa spp.,weedy rice,Leptochloa chinensis,Leersia hexandra,Cyperus difformis,Ammannia spp.and Monochoria vaginalis;principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp symbiosis fields included Echinochloa spp.,weedy rice,Leptochloa chinensis and Cyperus difformis.Except of organic cultivation mode,the weed management strategies in rice-shrimp rotation fields were“pre-emergence chemical control+post-emergence chemical control+manual removal”with a total cost of 1863.75 Yuan/hm^(2) on average.The weed management strategies in rice-shrimp symbiosis fields were“water control+shrimp control+manual removal”with a total cost of 907.50 Yuan/hm^(2) on average,a part of farmers applied pre-emergence herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl and pretilachlor.

关 键 词：稻田轮作 稻虾共生 杂草防控 农户调查 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护] S511.047