早籼稻机插秧同步侧深施肥模式研究  

Study of Pattern on Synchronous Side Deep Fertilization of Mechanical Transplanting in Early Indica Rice

作　　者：吕和平[1] 吴晨阳[1] 潘志军[1] 周兵[1] 吴小文[1] 张小红 余绪来 许有尊[3] 吴文革[3] LU Heping;WU Chenyang;PAN Zhijun;ZHOU Bing;WU Xiaowen;ZHANG Xiaohong;YU Xulai;XU Youzun;WU Wenge(Lujiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Lujiang,Anhui 231500,China;Jinniu Town Agricultural Machinery Management Station,Lujiang,Anhui 231521,China;Rice Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]庐江县农业技术推广中心,安徽庐江231500 [2]庐江县金牛镇农机管理站,安徽庐江231521 [3]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国稻米》2022年第2期82-87,共6页China Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新重点专项”(2018YFD0300904,2018YFD0300900,2017YFD0301304);农业农村部2019年绿色高质高效创建项目。

摘　　要：以常规早籼稻品种浙辐203为试验材料,研究了不同施肥模式和施肥量水平对早籼稻产量和产量构成、大田茎蘖发育动态、肥料利用效率、生产成本和收益等指标的影响,以期筛选和优化早籼稻机插秧同步侧深施肥的高产高效施肥模式。结果表明,常规肥料同步侧深施肥模式(A1)在产量水平、产值、经济收益和肥料农学效率等指标上均优于专用控释肥料同步侧深施肥模式(A2),高于或接近机插秧常规高产栽培模式(CK1),显著高于省工栽培模式(CK2);生产成本显著低于A2和CK1;化肥全部减量15%的处理(B2)在产量、产值和经济收益方面高于化肥全量处理(B1),显著高于减量30%的处理(B3),产量和效益高于CK1。经综合比较,适宜早籼稻采用的毯苗机插侧深施肥模式为:普通肥料减量15%(纯N 166.5 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)70.5 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 141.0 kg/hm^(2)),机插同步侧深施用77%N、100%P和65%K,人工撒施23%N和35%K作穗肥。In order to screen and optimize the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization model of synchronous side-deep fertilization for mechanical transplanting of early indica rice,taking conventional early indica rice variety Zhefu 203 as test material,the effects of different fertilization patterns and fertilization rates on the yield and yield components,the dynamics of stem and tiller development,fertilizer efficiency and production cost of early indica rice were studied.The results showed that model of synchronous side-deep fertilization with conventional fertilizers(A1)was superior to the model of synchronous side deep fertilization with special controlled-release fertilizers(A2)in terms of yield level,output value,economic benefits and fertilizer agronomic efficiency,and was higher than or close to the conventional high-yield cultivation model(CK1),significantly higher than the labor-saving cultivation model(CK2);the production cost is significantly lower than A2 and CK1.Among the three fertilization levels,the yield,output value and economic benefits of the 15%fertilizer reduction treatment(B2)was higher than full fertilizer treatment(B1),and significantly higher than 30% fertilizer reduction treatment(B3),and the yield and efficiency are higher than CK1.Through comprehensive comparison,the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization model with synchronous side-deep fertilization for mechanical transplanting of early indica rice was as follows:15% reduction of common fertilizer(pure N 166.5 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)70.5 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 141.0 kg/hm^(2)),77%N,100%P and 65%K applied simultaneously at the side of machine,and artificial spreaded 23%N and 35%K in heading stage.

关 键 词：早籼稻 机插秧 同步侧深施肥 施肥模式 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]