草甘膦对七种作物的安全性  

Glyphosate safety on seven crops

作　　者：杨洪李 黄红娟[2] 王兆振 武传志 姜晓龙 张朝贤[2] 张连洪 YANG Hongli;HUANG Hongjuan;WANG Zhaozhen;WU Chuanzhi;JIANG Xiaolong;ZHANG Chaoxian;ZHANG Lianhong(Pesticides Biological Evaluation Center,Syngenta(China)Investment Co.,Ltd.,Dezhou251120,China;Institute of Plant Protection,CAAS,Beijing100193,China;Syngenta(China)Investment Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai200120,China)

机构地区：[1]先正达(中国)投资有限公司农药药效试验中心,德州251120 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [3]先正达(中国)投资有限公司,上海200120

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第2期220-226,272,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技发展专项(2018AA006);宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金(NGSB-2021-10-03)。

摘　　要：本文对草甘膦喷施土壤后对作物的安全性进行了初步研究。采用室内盆栽的方法,测定了不同剂量的35%草甘膦水剂在壤土和砂土条件下对小麦Triticum aestivum L.、玉米Zea mays L.、大豆Glycine max(L.)Merr.、甘蓝Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.、小白菜Brassica pekinensis L.、番茄Lycopersicon esculentum L.和茄子Solanum melongena L.等7种作物的叶色、叶长、叶宽、植株鲜重和光合作用等生长、生理指标的影响。研究结果表明:在标签剂量(1575 g/hm^(2))下施用于壤土时,草甘膦对茄子的叶长和叶宽影响显著,对其他6种作物的各测定指标未产生显著影响;在砂土条件使用时,除对小麦和茄子的叶色、番茄的叶宽、小白菜和番茄的鲜重方面有显著影响外,对玉米、大豆和甘蓝都安全。在2倍标签剂量(3150 g/hm^(2))下,在壤土和砂土条件下使用时,除对茄子在叶色、叶长、叶宽和鲜重4个指标都有显著影响外,对番茄的光合效率也有显著影响,同时对其他作物的其他指标也有不同的影响,但对玉米是安全的。在4倍标签剂量(6300 g/hm^(2))下,除了在壤土条件下对玉米安全外,其他作物无论在壤土还是砂土都有不同程度的影响。该研究为使用草甘膦后,安全种植作物提供了科学依据。A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the safety of seven crops,including wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),corn(Zea mays L.),soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata L.),Chinese cabbage(Brassica pekinesis L.),tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum L.)and eggplant(Solanum melongena L.),grown in two different soils after glyphosate 35%AS treatment.The impact of different doses of glyphosate on leaf color,leaf length,leaf width,plant fresh weight and photosynthesis of the seven crops were determined.When crops grown in loam soil,glyphosate at recommended dose(1575 g/hm^(2))did not produce adverse effect on most of crops,except significant negative impacts on leaf length and width of eggplant.When crops grown in sandy soil treated with recommended dose of glyphosate,growth of corn,soybean and cabbage was not affected,however,significant negative impacts on leaf color of eggplant and wheat,leaf width of tomato,fresh weight of Chinese cabbage and tomato were found.At two times of recommended dose(3150 g/hm^(2)),the results showed that glyphosate significantly impacted leaf color,leaf length,leaf width and fresh weight of eggplant,as well as photosynthetic efficiency of tomato,and other indexes of other crops regardless soil types tested,but it is safe for maize.At four times of recommended dose(6300 g/hm^(2)),glyphosate showed varying negative impact on crops in both loam and sandy soils except corn grown in loam soil.This study provides a scientific basis for the safe cultivation of crops after using glyphosate.

关 键 词：草甘膦 作物 安全性 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]