几种杀菌剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果  

Effects of fungicides on Fusarium crown rot of wheat in field

作　　者：徐飞[1,2] 韩自行 宋玉立[1] 刘伟[2] 周益林[2] 李丽娟[1] 王俊美 秦志英[3] 程燕君 XU Fei;HAN Zihang;SONG Yuli;LIU Wei;ZHOU Yilin;LI Lijuan;WANG Junmei;QIN Zhiying;CHENG Yanjun(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management of the Southern of North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou450002,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing100193,China;Yuliang Group Yanjin Wheat Industry Co.,Ltd.,Henan Province,Xinxiang453000,China;Agriculture and Machinery Technology Extension Center,Balikun County,Hami City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Hami839200,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,郑州450002 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [3]河南省豫粮集团延津小麦产业有限公司,新乡453000 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市巴里坤县农业农机技术推广中心,哈密839200

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第2期296-302,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201700);河南省小麦产业技术体系(S2010-01-05)。

摘　　要：小麦茎基腐病是小麦上重要的真菌性茎基部病害,在黄淮海冬麦区呈广泛流行态势,对我国小麦生产安全构成严重威胁。本研究评价了不同拌种剂、拔节期喷施杀菌剂以及两者结合使用对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果。药剂拌种防治结果表明:60 g/L戊唑醇FS、25 g/L咯菌腈FS和25%氰烯菌酯SC拌种处理能显著降低苗期病株率,其病株防治效果为63.6%~100%。药剂拌种对灌浆期小麦茎基腐病的病情指数防治效果受到年份和地点的影响。2018年开封和2020年内黄的25%氰烯菌酯SC、2019年温县和2020年内黄的30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FS和2020年内黄的30%丙硫菌唑OD拌种可以显著降低小麦灌浆期的病情指数;在2019年温县的25%氰烯菌酯SC和2018年开封的30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FS均不同程度地降低了病情指数,但未达到显著水平。综上所述,25%氰烯菌酯SC、30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FS和30%丙硫菌唑OD拌种处理的灌浆期病情指数防治效果为12.8%~85.1%,增产1.2%~13.1%。拔节期喷施杀菌剂的结果表明:30%多·酮SC、30%丙硫菌唑OD和50%多菌灵WP在小麦拔节期喷雾防治能够显著降低灌浆期的病情指数,病情指数防效为49.5%~59.2%;白穗率防治效果为9.5%~17.9%;病茎率防治效果为46.7%~61.4%;除30%丙硫菌唑OD外,其他2种药剂处理可使小麦增产5.0%~6.1%。药剂拌种结合拔节期喷施杀菌剂的结果表明:25%氰烯菌酯SC(药种比5∶1000)单独拌种处理或30 g/L苯醚甲环唑FS(药种比3∶1000)拌种结合拔节期30%多·酮SC(1200 mL/hm^(2))喷雾能够有效降低病情指数24.1%~26.0%,并提高产量10.0%~15.3%。Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum,is a serious fungal disease of wheat.At present,this disease is widely prevalent in Huanghuaihai winter wheat area,which poses a serious threat to the safety of wheat production in China.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the control effect of seed dressing,spraying fungicides at jointing stage and their combination to control Fusarium crown rot of wheat.Seed dressing with tebuconazole 60 g/L FS,fludioxonil 25 g/L FS and phenamacril 25%SC could significantly reduce diseased plants at seedling stage,the control effect was 63.6%-100%.The control effect of seed dressing with fungicide on disease index of Fusarium crown rot at filling stage was affected by year and place.The seed dressing with phenamacril 25%SC in Kaifeng county in 2018 and in Neihuang county in 2020,difenoconazole 30 g/L FS in Wenxian county in 2019 and in Neihuang county in 2020,and prothioconazole 30%OD in Neihuang county in 2020 could significantly reduce the disease index at filling stage.The results also showed that the phenamacril 25%SC in Wenxian county in 2019 and the difenoconazole 30 g/L FS in Kaifeng county in 2018 decreased the disease index in varying degrees,but did not reach a significant level.The control efficacy of those three fungicides of disease index was 12.8%-85.1%at filling stage,and the yield was increased by 1.2%-13.1%.The results showed that the treatment of carbendazim·triadimefon 30%SC,prothioconazole 30%OD,and carbendazim 50%WP in spraying at jointing stage could significantly reduce the disease index.In the filling stage,the control efficacies of disease index,white head rate,diseased stem rate were 49.5%-59.2%,9.5%-17.9%and 46.7%-61.4%,respectively,besides prothioconazole 30%OD,the yield increased by 5.0%-6.1%.It is recommended that seed dressing with phenamacril 25%SC or seed dressing with difenoconazole 30 g/L FS combined with carbendazim·triadimefon 30%SC in spraying at jointing stage can effectively reduce the disease index(24.1%-26.0%)and in

关 键 词：小麦茎基腐病 药剂防治 杀菌剂 氰烯菌酯 丙硫菌唑 

分 类 号：S435.121.49[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]