7种苗后除草剂对菵草的除草活性以及对小麦的安全性评价  

Evaluation of biological activity of 7 post-emergence herbicides against Beckmannia syzigachne and their safety to wheat

作　　者：李涛[1] 袁国徽 钱振官[1] 杨伟萍 范洁群[1] LI Tao;YUAN Guohui;QIAN Zhenguan;YANG Weiping;FAN Jiequn(Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai201403,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station of Zhangyan Town,Jinshan District,Shanghai201514,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院,上海201403 [2]上海市金山区张堰镇农业技术推广服务站,上海201514

出　　处：《植物保护》2022年第2期303-308,共6页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500);上海市科技兴农推广项目[沪农科推字(2018)第4-14号];上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划[沪农科卓(2022)017]。

摘　　要：为了筛选对菵草高效且对小麦安全的除草剂品种,采用温室盆栽法测定了7种苗后除草剂对菵草的除草活性以及对小麦的安全性。结果表明,5%唑啉草酯EC和15%炔草酯WP对菵草防效优异,ED_(90)仅为各自田间登记低剂量的1/3和1/2;50%异丙隆WP和7.5%啶磺草胺WG对菵草防效较好,ED_(90)与各自田间登记高剂量相当;69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW、30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD和70%氟唑磺隆WG对菵草的防效相对较差,ED_(90)约为各自田间登记高剂量的2.6、1.4倍和1.5倍。小麦安全性测定结果表明,5%唑啉草酯EC和15%炔草酯WP在小麦和菵草之间的选择性指数最高,分别为8.7和7.0;其次是50%异丙隆WP、7.5%啶磺草胺WG和70%氟唑磺隆WG,选择性指数分别为3.3、2.3和2.2;69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW和30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD在小麦和菵草之间的选择性指数均小于2。综合考虑除草效果及安全性,5%唑啉草酯EC和15%炔草酯WP可作为小麦田防除菵草的优选药剂,50%异丙隆WP和7.5%啶磺草胺WG可作为小麦田防除菵草的备选或轮换药剂,而69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW、30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD和70%氟唑磺隆WG不适合在以菵草为优势种群的小麦田使用。Whole-plant dose-response experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the biological activity of seven post-emergence herbicides against Beckmannia syzigachne and their safety to wheat.The results showed that pinoxaden 5%EC and clodinafop-propargyl 15%WP had excellent control efficacy on B.syzigachne,and the ED_(90) value was only 1/3 and 1/2 of the low dose registered on their respective labels.Isoproturon 50%WP and pyroxsulam 7.5%WG showed good control efficacy on B.syzigachne,and the ED_(90) value was equivalent to the high dose registered on their respective labels.The control efficacy of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69 g/L EW,mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD,and flucarbazone-sodium 70%WG on B.syzigachne was poor,and the ED_(90) value was about 2.6,1.4 and 1.5 times of the high dose registered on their respective labels.Wheat safety test showed that the selectivity index(SI)of pinoxaden pinoxaden 5%EC and clodinafop-propargyl 15%WP was the highest,with the SI value of 8.7 and 7.0,respectively.Followed by isoproturon 50%WP,pyroxsulam 7.5%WG,and flucarbazone-sodium 70%WG,and the SI value was 3.3,2.3 and 2.2,respectively.The SI values of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69 g/L EW and mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD between wheat and B.syzigachne were both less than 2.Taking the control efficacy and safety into consideration,pinoxaden 5%EC and clodinafop-propargyl 15%WP could be used as the optimal herbicides for controlling B.syzigachne.Isoproturon 50%WP and pyroxsulam 7.5%WG could be used as alternative herbicides for controlling B.syzigachne.Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 69 g/L EW,mesosulfuron-methyl 30 g/L OD,and flucarbazone-sodium 70%WG are not suitable for controlling B.syzigachne in wheat fields.

关 键 词：菵草 小麦 茎叶处理剂 除草活性 安全性 

分 类 号：S451.221[农业科学—植物保护]