2008—2018年新疆煤炭行业职业性尘肺病新发病例分析  

Analysis on new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Xinjiang coal industry from 2008-2018

作　　者：袁辉[1] 胡晓远[1] 郝伟[1] 王芬[1] 任有霞[1] YUAN Hui;HU Xiao-yuan;HAO Wei;WANG Fen;REN You-xia(Institute of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi Xinjiang,830002,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心职业健康与辐射防护所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第3期289-293,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解2008—2018年新疆煤炭行业职业性尘肺病病例分布特征,为新疆尘肺病防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2008年1月1日—2018年12月31日新疆煤炭行业新发职业性尘肺病病例资料。统计描述职业性尘肺病年发病数、尘肺种类、尘肺分期和企业规模分布情况,用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果2008—2018年新疆煤炭行业新发职业性尘肺病623例,发病数总体呈下降趋势;煤工尘肺和矽肺居多,占比分别为88.8%和10.0%。煤工尘肺病例数自2010年出现最高峰后呈波动性下降,但矽肺病例数自2011年起有上升趋势;<40和≥60岁年龄组病例数呈减少趋势,发病年龄逐渐集中在40~<50和50~<60岁年龄组,平均年龄(49.9±9.7)岁;年龄不同,尘肺期别构成比不同(P<0.05)。≥10年工龄组病例数自2010年出现峰值后呈波动性减少;<10年工龄组病例数呈相对平稳水平,未出现明显变化,平均工龄(16.0±8.5)年,工龄组不同,尘肺期别构成比不同(P<0.05)。60%以上病例来自大型和小型企业,大型企业发生的职业性尘肺病病例93.9%首次诊断为壹期,5.2%为贰期,0.9%为叁期;小型企业发生的职业性尘肺病病例75.1%首次诊断为壹期,19.4%为贰期,5.5%为叁期;企业规模不同,首次诊断构成比不同(P<0.05)。结论煤炭行业较长时间内仍是新疆地区产生职业性尘肺病的主要行业,重点监督企业落实职业病防治主体责任的常态化,尤其是小型企业,关注掘进生产单元除尘降尘措施的有效性和对接尘人员的职业卫生知识培训。Objective To know the distribution characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in the coal industry in Xinjiang from 2008 to 2018,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of pneumoconiosis in Xinjiang.Methods The data of new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Xinjiang coal industry from January 1,2008 to December 31,2018 were collected.The annual number of occupational pneumoconiosis cases,types of pneumoconiosis,stages of pneumoconiosis and the distribution of enterprise scale were statistically described.SPSS 22.0 was used for the statistical analysis.Results From 2008 to 2018,there were 623 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in the coal industry in Xinjiang,the case number showed an overall downward trend.Coal workers'pneumoconiosis and silicosis were the most,accounting for 88.8%and 10.0%respectively.The number of cases of coal workers'pneumoconiosis showed a fluctuating decline after the peak in 2010,but the number of silicosis cases showed an increasing trend since 2011.The number of cases in<40 and≥60 year-old age groups showed a decreasing trend,and the age of onset was gradually concentrated to 40-<50 and 50-<60 age groups,with an average of(49.9±9.7)years old.There was statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of pneumoconiosis stage among age groups(P<0.05).Since the peak in 2010,the number of cases in the group≥10 years of working age showed a fluctuating decrease.The number of cases in the group<10 years of working age was relatively stable without significant change,and the average length of service was(16.0±8.5)years.There was statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of pneumoconiosis stage among working age groups(P<0.05).More than 60%of cases have come from large and small enterprises.Among the cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in large enterprises,93.9%were first diagnosed as stageⅠ,5.2%as stageⅡ,and 0.9%as stageⅢ.Among the cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in small enterprises,75.1%were first

关 键 词：煤炭行业 职业性尘肺病 分布 特征 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]