垂直专业化分工是否引致工资极化——基于中国家庭收入调查数据的经验分析  

Does Vertical Specialization Drive Wage Polarization——An Empirical Analysis Based on CHIP Data

作　　者：刘廷宇 张世伟[2] LIU Tingyu;Zhang Shiwei

机构地区：[1]南昌大学经济管理学院 [2]吉林大学商学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2022年第2期37-53,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能等新技术对就业的影响和对策研究”(20BJY051);江西省高校人文社会科学青年项目“‘十四五’时期中国高质量发展的分层测度与收敛特征分析”(JJ21225)。

摘　　要：过往几十年中间品跨国生产模式逐渐成为主流,推动了劳动力市场工资结构的转变。继欧美发达经济体之后,中国同样出现了工资极化趋势。然而,关于工资极化的成因,经济学界尚存在争议。文章将垂直专业化分工引入工作任务模型,探究发展中国家融入全球价值链的两种情形,并应用多层线性模型和无条件分位数回归及其分解方法检验垂直专业化分工对工资极化的影响。研究发现:垂直专业化分工通过中间品进口和中间品出口两种渠道引致工资两极分化,且后者对于工资极化的推动作用更大;组间异质效应显示,垂直专业化分工在职业和教育层面上均存在显著的极化促进作用;组内异质效应显示,垂直专业化分工对于高工资群体的偏向逐渐减弱,从而降低了其对于工资极化的推动作用;途径分析结果显示,垂直专业化分工对于工资分布的影响主要源自其工资结构效应而非构成效应。In the past few decades,the multinational intermediate goods production mode has gradually become the mainstream,which has promoted the change of the wage structure in the labor market.Following the developed economies,China has also shown a trend of wage polarization.However,there are still disputes among economists about the causes of wage polarization.This paper introduced vertical specialization into the taskbased model to explore two situations of developing countries embedding into the global value chains.The effects of vertical specialization on wage polarization were tested by multi-level linear model,unconditional quantile regression and its decomposition method.The study finds that vertical specialization leads to wage polarization through import and export of intermediate goods,and the latter has pushed more.In addition,the betweengroup heterogeneity effect shows that vertical specialization drives wage polarization at both occupational and educational levels.Furthermore,the within-group heterogeneity effect shows that vertical specialization gradually weakens its bias towards high wage groups and reducing its promoting effect on wage polarization.Finally,the result of the channel analysis shows that the effect of vertical specialization on wage distribution is mainly due to its wage structure effect rather than its composition effect.

关 键 词：工资极化 垂直专业化分工 中间品贸易 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济]