企业跳跃距离、出口多样性对出口二元边际的影响研究  

The Influence of Enterprise Jumping Distance and Export Diversity on Export Dual Margins

作　　者：陈紫若 刘林青[2] CHEN Ziruo;LIU Linqing

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学经济学院 [2]武汉大学企业战略管理研究所

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2022年第2期140-157,共18页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“知识产权保护、贸易网络依赖对新贸易关系的影响研究”(JZ2021HGQA0225);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助“双边投资协定网络对创业活动的影响研究:内在机制与边界条件”(JS2021ZSPY0018);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“双循环背景下贸易网络依赖对出口竞争力的影响研究:理论机制与中国经验”(21YJC790018);国家社会科学基金重大项目“全球生产网络、知识产权保护与中国外贸竞争力提升研究”(15ZDB155)。

摘　　要：本文将产品空间理论与多产品异质性企业贸易理论进行了整合和拓展,并借助竞争力空间方法,提出体现企业内部出口结构的综合性指标——企业跳跃距离,即衡量新产品在企业出口篮子中对核心竞争力的偏离程度。研究表明:一方面,企业跳跃距离凸显了信息不对称和外部不确定性对出口集约边际的直接不利影响,对扩展边际影响不显著,强调了路径依赖的重要性;另一方面,降低企业跳跃距离能够改善产品、地理以及组合多样性,尤其是地理多样性,最终有助于间接提升出口集约边际和扩展边际,强调了路径创造的重要性。进一步地,上述研究结果还受到企业贸易方式、所有权性质、区域分布的差异性影响,且验证路径依赖对加工贸易企业、民营企业以及东部和中部地区发挥更加显著的作用。以上研究结论对解决中国企业面临的"脱钩"、"卡脖子"、出口生存短暂等出口风险具备一定现实意义。This paper integrated and expanded the product space theory and the multi product heterogeneous enterprise trade theory,and with the help of the competitiveness space method,it put forward a comprehensive index reflecting the internal export structure of enterprises-enterprise jumping distance,which measures the deviation degree of new products from the core competitiveness in the enterprise export basket.The research shows that:on the one hand,the jumping distance of enterprises highlights the direct adverse impact of information asymmetry and external uncertainty on the export intensive margin,and has no significant impact on the expansion margin,emphasizing the importance of path dependence;on the other hand,reducing the jumping distance of enterprises can improve the diversity of products,geography and portfolio,especially geographical diversity,and ultimately help indirectly improve the export intensive margin and expansion margin,emphasizing the importance of path creation.Further,the above research conclusions are also affected by the differences of enterprise trade mode,ownership nature and regional distribution,and verify that path dependence plays a more significant role in processing trade enterprises,private enterprises and the eastern and central regions.The above research conclusions have certain practical significance for solving the export risks faced by Chinese enterprises,such as"decoupling","neck squeezing",short export survival and so on.

关 键 词：企业跳跃距离 出口多样性 出口二元边际 路径依赖 路径创造 

分 类 号：F742[经济管理—国际贸易]