低温电化学合成氨催化剂研究进展  

Research progress of low-temperature electrochemical ammonia synthesis catalyst

作　　者：荣杨佳 王成雄[1,2] 张秀娟 许晓坤 赵云昆 RONG Yang-jia;WANG Cheng-xiong;ZHANG Xiu-juan;XU Xiao-kun;ZHAO Yun-kun(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals,Kunming Institute of Precious Metals,Kunming 650106,China;State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Precious Metal Catalytic Technology and Application,Kunming Sino-platinum Metals Catalysts Co.Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明贵金属研究所稀贵金属综合利用国家重点实验室,昆明650106 [2]昆明贵研催化剂有限责任公司贵金属催化技术与应用国家地方联合工程实验室,昆明650106

出　　处：《贵金属》2021年第4期76-86,共11页Precious Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21862010)。

摘　　要：传统的高温高压Haber-Bosch法合成氨工艺消耗大量化石能源,并排放大量的温室气体。在常温常压下通过电化学方法将氮还原成氨是一种潜在策略。电化学固氮领域的主要研究方向之一是通过开发有效的氮还原催化剂来提高电流效率和氨产率。基于对50多篇文献的分析,本文综述了近20年来电化学合成氨催化剂的研究进展,通过对低温下电化学合成氨的金属基和非金属基不同催化剂以及催化效率进行总结和比较,关注具有高法拉第效率和高氨产率的几种金基催化剂,以及电解质性质、掺杂改性对于开发高效的过渡金属基、非金属基催化剂的重要性,对比分析了这3类催化剂的优缺点以及发展潜力。The traditional high temperature and high pressure Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis consumes a lot of fossil energy and emits a lot of greenhouse gases.Electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia at ambient temperature and pressure is a potential strategy.One of the main research directions in the field of electrochemical nitrogen fixation is to improve current efficiency and ammonia yield by developing efficient nitrogen reduction catalysts.Based on the analysis of more than 50 literatures,this paper reviews the research progress of catalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis in the past 20 years.By summarizing and comparing different metal-based and non-metal-based catalysts and catalytic efficiencies for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia at low temperatures,several gold-based catalysts with high Faradaic efficiency and high ammonia yield are focused.And the importance of electrolyte properties and doping modification for the development of efficient transition metal-based and non-metal-based catalysts.Finally,the advantages,disadvantages and development potential of these three types of catalysts are compared and analyzed.

关 键 词：合成氨 电化学 低温 催化剂 

分 类 号：TQ150.1[化学工程—电化学工业]