北京市34家医院职业病危害因素接触水平现状调查  

Investigation on current situation of exposure level of occupational hazards in 34 hospitals in Beijing

作　　者：王鹏 张玉 WANG Peng;ZHANG Yu(Testing Room,Occupational Disease Prevention Department,Beijing Chemical Industry Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Hospital,Beijing,100093,China;Testing Department,Inspection Center,Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group Company,Handan Hebei,056201,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市化工职业病防治院职防部检测室,北京100093 [2]冀中能源峰峰集团公司检测检验中心检测部,河北邯郸056201

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第2期260-263,267,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 了解北京市医院职业病危害因素接触水平现状,为医疗行业提供管理防治建议。方法 2020年对北京市34家医院进行了职业卫生现状调查,并对存在职业病危害因素的工作场所进行检测。结果 北京市34家医院主要存在的职业病危害因素氨、硫化氢、氯、粉尘、二甲苯、甲醛及噪声等均符合国家标准限值要求,但病理科组织取材操作位甲醛检测结果较为严重,5家医院(14.7%)浓度超过国家标准限值(0.5 mg/m^(3)),7家医院(20.6%)接近国家标准限值,其余22家医院(64.7%)甲醛浓度较高,属于2~3级接触水平。控制点风速测量结果在0.10~0.22 m/s之间,未达到AQ/T 4274—2016《局部排风设施控制风速检测与评估控制规范》标准中控制点风速1.0 m/s的要求。7家医院消毒供应中心具有吹扫操作,噪声在93.8~99.2 dB(A)之间,但日累计接触时间短(10~15 min),计算8 h加权结果符合国家标准限值要求[85 dB(A)]。结论 本次调查北京市34家医院主要职业病危害因素粉尘、硫化氢、二甲苯、氨及氯接触水平为0或1级,属于基本无接触或接触极低,无需采取特殊防护措施。病理科组织取材操作位工作场所空气中甲醛浓度情况较为严重,接触水平为2~4级,职业卫生现状不容乐观。建议北京市34家医院加强职业卫生管理,重点关注职业病危害因素接触水平高的作业岗位,提高防护设施有效性。病理科建议改用通风橱,防止甲醛逸散至空气中;在工艺方法上找到可替代甲醛的试剂来进行组织取材操作,从根源上保障医护人员职业健康,降低职业病危害因素接触水平。Objective To understand the exposure level of occupational hazards in hospitals of Beijing,provide suggestions for the management and prevention of occupational hazards in the medical industry. Methods The occupational health status of 34 hospitals in Beijing was investigated in 2020,and the workplace with occupational hazards was detected. Results The main occupational hazards in 34 hospitals of Beijing were ammonia,hydrogen sulfide,chlorine,dust,xylene,formaldehyde and noise,which all met the national standard limits. However,the formaldehyde detection results in the tissue sampling operation position of pathology department were serious,the concentration in five hospitals(14.7%) exceeded the national standard limits(0.5 mg/m^(3)),the concentration in seven hospitals(20.6%) was close to the national standard limit,and the formaldehyde concentration in 22 hospitals(64.7%) was higher,belonging to 2-3 exposure level. The wind speed measurement results of control points were 0.10-0.22 m/s,which did not meet the requirement of 1.0 m/s of control point wind speed in AQ/T 4274-2016 Control specification for detection and evaluation of control wind speed of local exhaust facilities. The disinfection and supply center in seven hospitals had purging operation,the noise intensity was 93.8-99.2 dB(A),but the daily cumulative exposure time was short(10-15 min),and the 8 h weighted results met the requirement of the national standard limit[85 dB(A)]. Conclusion The exposure levels of occupational hazards in 34 hospitals of Beijing,including dust,hydrogen sulfide,xylene,ammonia and chlorine,are 0 or 1,which are basically non-contact or extremely low,and no special protective measures are needed. The concentration of formaldehyde in the workplace air of the tissue sampling operation position in pathology department is serious,with the 2-4 exposure level,and the current situation of occupational health is not optimistic. It is suggested that 34 hospitals in Beijing should strengthen the management of occupational health,focus o

关 键 词：医院 甲醛 接触水平 职业卫生现状 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]