化肥减量配施有机肥对烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：刘魁 王正旭 田阳阳 杨继周 胡保文 李湘伟 宛祥 严杰 吴昊 赵文军 LIU Kui;WANG Zhengxu;TIAN Yangyang;YANG Jizhou;HU Baowen;LI Xiangwei;WAN Xiang;YAN Jie;WU Hao;ZHAO Wenjun(Hongta Tobacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Yuxi Yunnan 653100)

机构地区：[1]红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2022年第6期13-18,31,共7页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司科技项目(2019YL07)。

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了化肥减量配施烟草专用有机肥和生物有机肥对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、外观质量、化学成分、感官质量及致香成分的影响。结果表明:化肥减量15%-45%配施2种有机肥均未对烟株整体农艺性状表现产生不利影响,且在化肥相同减量条件下烟草专用有机肥处理烤烟株高及节距均显著高于生物有机肥处理;各处理烟叶产值在47 944.50-78 820.50元/hm^(2)之间,均价在21.83-26.78元/kg之间,上等烟比例在57.00%-68.10%之间,且均以化肥减量15%配施烟草专用有机肥1 500 kg/hm^(2)的处理表现最佳。在烟叶品质方面,化肥减量15%-45%配施2种有机肥均可改善中部烟叶叶片结构、色度及外观质量综合得分;在化肥相同减量条件下,烟草专用有机肥处理中部烟叶外观质量综合得分、感官质量综合得分、化学成分均优于生物有机肥处理,且均以化肥减量15%表现最优。综上所述,化肥减量15%配施烟草专用有机肥1 500 kg/hm^(2)有利于提高烤烟产量、改善烟叶品质。The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with tobacco specific organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer on agronomic characters, economic characters, appearance quality, chemical composition, sensory quality and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were studied through field experiment. The results showed that the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 15%-45% combined with the application of two kinds of organic fertilizers had no adverse effect on the agronomic characters of tobacco plants, and under the same reduction of chemical fertilizer, the plant height and pitch of flue-cured tobacco treated with tobacco special organic fertilizer were significantly higher than those treated with bio-organic fertilizer. The output value of each treatment was 47 944.50-78 820.50 yuan/hm^(2), the average price was 21.83-26.78 yuan/kg, the proportion of first-class tobacco was 57.00%-68.10%, and the treatment with 15% reduction of chemical fertilizer and tobacco special organic fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm^(2) performed best. In terms of tobacco leaf quality, chemical fertilizer reduction of 15%-45% combined with two kinds of organic fertilizers could improve the comprehensive scores of leaf structure,color and appearance quality of central tobacco leaves;under the same reduction of chemical fertilizer, the comprehensive scores of appearance quality and sensory quality, the chemical components of tobacco treated with special organic fertilizer were better than those treated with bio-organic fertilizer, and the best performance was 15% reduction of chemical fertilizer. In conclusion, the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 15%and the tobacco specific organic fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm^(2) are conducive to improving the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：烤烟 化肥减量 有机肥 产量 质量 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学] S572[农业科学—农业基础科学]