熔盐堆超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环系统与热力学分析  

MSR Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle System and Thermodynamic Analysis

作　　者：卢恒 赵恒 戴叶[1] 陈兴伟[1] 贾国斌 邹杨[1] Lu Heng;Zhao Heng;Dai Ye;Chen Xingwei;Jia Guobin;Zou Yang(Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,201800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800

出　　处：《核动力工程》2022年第2期32-39,共8页Nuclear Power Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA02010000);中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目(QYZDY-SSW-JSC016);中国科学院上海应用物理研究所育新计划项目(Y955051031);国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1902000)。

摘　　要：熔盐堆(MSR)能实现在线填料和后处理,出口温度较高,应配备一种与之出口温度相匹配的创新型循环方式,且可达到较高的循环效率。本文基于中国科学院上海应用物理研究所设计的小型模块化熔盐堆(smTMSR-400)设计超临界二氧化碳(SCO_(2))布雷顿循环系统,使用控制变量法分析了分流比、压缩机/透平效率、主压缩机出口温度、低温换热器换热温差/阻力对SCO_(2)布雷顿循环系统的影响。分析结果表明:①存在最佳分流比使低温换热器两侧温差相等;②相较于压缩机效率,等幅度的透平效率提升可使系统循环效率和㶲效率更高;③主压缩机出口压力增大为系统带来正面影响,但循环效率/㶲效率与其斜率都逐渐降低;④换热器换热温差和流动阻力都为系统循环带来了可量化的负担:换热温差每增加10 K,循环效率降低1.85%,㶲效率降低2.70%;流动阻力每增加1 MPa,循环效率降低6.58%,㶲效率降低10.22%。最后根据分析结果和系统㶲流变化设计了5种物理参考方案。Molten salt reactor(MSR)can realize on-line packing and post-processing,and the outlet temperature is higher,so it shall be equipped with an innovative cycle mode that matches its outlet temperature,and can achieve higher cycle efficiency.In this paper,a supercritical carbon dioxide(SCO_(2))Brayton cycle system is designed based on the small modular molten salt reactor(smTMSR-400)designed by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The effects of split ratio,compressor/turbine efficiency,outlet temperature of main compressor and heat exchange temperature difference/resistance of low temperature heat exchanger on SCO_(2) Brayton cycle system are analyzed by using the control variable method.The analysis results show that:①there is an optimal split ratio to make the temperature difference between the two sides of the low temperature heat exchanger equal;②compared with the compressor efficiency,the equalamplitude turbine efficiency improvement can make the system cycle efficiency and exergy efficiency higher;③the increase in the outlet pressure of the main compressor has a positive impact on the system,but the cycle efficiency/exergy efficiency and its slope gradually decrease;④the heat exchange temperature difference and flow resistance of the heat exchanger bring quantifiable burden to the system cycle:for every 10 K increase in the heat exchange temperature difference,the cycle efficiency decreases by 1.85%and exergy efficiency decreases by 2.70%;When the flow resistance increases by 1 MPa,the cycle efficiency decreases by 6.58%and exergy efficiency decreases by 10.22%.At last,this paper designs 5 physical reference schemes based on the analysis results and system exergy changes.

关 键 词：熔盐堆(MSR) 超临界二氧化碳(SCO_(2)) 布雷顿 热力学分析 

分 类 号：TL334[核科学技术—核技术及应用]