低静电感度叠氮化铜起爆薄膜的制备及其性能  

Preparation and Properties of Copper Azide Initiating Film with Low Electrostatic Sensitivity

作　　者：闫振展 李龙[1] 杨利[1] 韩纪旻 YAN Zhenzhan;LI Long;YANG Li;HAN Jimin(State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《兵工学报》2022年第2期279-286,共8页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11672040)。

摘　　要：叠氮化铜的高静电感度限制了其实际应用,碳纤维作为框架材料可以有效降低其静电安全性。以便宜易得的乙酸铜为原料,利用静电纺丝技术,通过碳化、叠氮化制备了碳基叠氮化铜起爆薄膜。制备的叠氮化铜复合薄膜具有一定的柔性,叠氮化铜纳米片均匀生长在碳纤维表面,碳纤维优异的导电性能可以降低其静电感度。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射仪、比表面积测试和热重分析等对前驱体、碳化中间体和叠氮化铜薄膜都进行了详细的表征。测试结果表明:由于碳纤维优异的导电、导热性能,制备的叠氮化铜起爆薄膜的静电感度降低至1.2 mJ、火焰感度提高至45 cm;0.65 mg叠氮化铜起爆薄膜在33μF电容放电条件下,10 V以上电压就可以成功发火,并将铅板炸出凹痕。The high electrostatic sensitivity of copper azide limits its practical application,and carbon fiber as a frame material can effectively reduce its electrostatic safety.A carbon-based copper azide initiating film was prepared using the cheap and easily available copper acetate as the raw materialby carbonization and azide.The prepared copper azide composite film has certain flexibility,and the copper azide nanosheets are uniformly grown on the surface of carbon fibers.The excellent electrical conductivity of carbon fibers can reduce its electrostatic sensitivity.The precursors,carbide intermediates,and copper azide films are all characterized in detail by scanning electron microscope,infrared,X-ray diffraction,specific surface area test and thermogravimetric analysis etc.The test results show that the electrostatic sensitivity of the prepared copper azide initiating film is reduced to 1.2 mJ and the sensitivity to flame is increased to 45 cm since carbon fiber has the excellent electrical and thermal conductivities.The 0.65 mg copper azide initiating film can successfully ignite at a voltage of 10 V or more under the discharge condition of a 33μF capacitor,and can pit the lead plate.

关 键 词：叠氮化铜 碳纤维 微起爆装置 静电纺丝 

分 类 号：TQ563.6[化学工程—炸药化工]