多股螺旋弹簧疲劳寿命影响因素  

On Factors Affecting Fatigue Life of Stranded-wire Helical Spring

作　　者：张瑞 易力力[1] 刘志鹏 ZHANG Rui;YI Lili;LIU Zhipeng(The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《兵工学报》2022年第2期458-466,共9页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51375508)。

摘　　要：多股螺旋弹簧(简称多股簧)是一种由多根钢丝螺旋绞绕成钢索而形成的圆柱螺旋弹簧,目前关于多股簧在疲劳失效领域的研究较少。针对多股簧疲劳失效的问题,以实际应用中的多股簧为研究对象,从多股簧钢丝断裂特征和多股簧几何参数对其疲劳寿命的影响进行分析研究。结果表明:钢丝表面缺陷是造成裂纹萌生降低疲劳寿命的主要原因,钢丝表面缺陷包括了钢丝表面的线纹、伤痕、凹坑等,此外钢丝材料内部的微孔洞以及微裂纹会加速裂纹的扩展,降低弹簧的疲劳寿命;其次是多股簧几何参数的影响,以最大振幅下的恢复力为变量,弹簧螺旋角对多股簧疲劳寿命的影响最大,弹簧旋绕比次之,钢索钢丝捻角最小。Stranded-wire helical spring(SWHS)is a kind of cylindrical helical spring formed by twisting multiple steel wires into steel strands.At present,there are few studies on fatigue failure of SWHS.For the fatigue failure of SWHS in practical application,the influences of the fracture characteristics of SWHS steel wire and the geometrical parameters of SWHS on SWHS fatigue life are analyzed and studied.The analyzed results show that the surface defect of steel wire is the main reason that causes crack initiation and reduces fatigue life,and the geometric parameters of SWHS have also an effect on its fatigue life.The surface defects of steel wire include the line patterns,scars,pits,etc.In addition,the micro-holes and micro-cracks inside the steel wire material would accelerate the crack growth and reduce the fatigue life of spring.Among the geometric parameters of SWHS,the restoring force under the maximum vibration amplitude is taken as a variable,the effect of spring helix angleαon fatigue life of SWHS is the greatest,followed by spring winding ratio C and steel wire twist angleβ.

关 键 词：多股螺旋弹簧 疲劳寿命 表面缺陷 裂纹萌生 几何参数 

分 类 号：TG111.8[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]